A Comparative Study on the Biosorption of Cd2+ onto Paecilomyces lilacinus XLA and Mucoromycote sp. XLC
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussions
2.1. Identification of Isolated Cd Resistant Fungi
2.2. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) towards Heavy Metals
Strains | Cultivation Condition | Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (mg·L−1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cd2+ | Co2+ | Zn2+ | Cu2+ | Cr3+ | Cr6+ | ||
XLA | Solid | 29,786 | 2945 | 9425 | 5080 | 1785 | 204 |
Liquid | 34,844 | 2650 | 14,300 | 5080 | 3060 | 6375 | |
XLC | Solid | 11,240 | 884 | 9100 | 2540 | 3060 | 51 |
Liquid | 13,488 | 236 | 7800 | 8255 | 4335 | 51 |
2.3. Effect of pH on Biosorption
2.4. Effect of Biosorbents Dosage on Biosorption
2.5. Effect of Initial Concentration and Contact Time on Biosorption
2.6. Biosorption Isotherms
2.7. Desorption and Reuse
2.8. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Spectrum Analysis
Wavelength (cm−1) | Functional Group |
---|---|
3300–3400 | –OH stretching vibration and –NH stretching of the protein |
2925 and 2854 | Asymmetric/symmetric stretching vibration of CH2 |
2364 | Vibration of protonated amino (NH2+, NH+) |
1739 | Stretching vibration of C=O in carboxylic acids |
1655 | Stretching vibration of C=O and C–N (amide II) peptidic bond of protein |
1545 | Stretching vibration of C–N and deformation vibration of N–H (amide II) peptidic bond of protein |
1404 | Stretching vibration of carboxylate aminos (–COO) and deformation vibration of –OH |
1380 | Typical amide III band which is COO–aminos |
1306 | C–N stretching vibration of amino groups |
1240 | –SO3 groups |
1078 | C–N stretching vibration of amino groups |
1152 | Stretching vibration of C–O–C |
884 | Aromatic –CH stretching vibration |
500–700 (fingerprint zone) | Phosphate or sulphate functional groups |
2.9. Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) Analysis
2.10. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis
Strain | C 1s | O 1s | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peak Position (eV) | Peak Area Ratio (%) | Peak Position (eV) | Peak Area Ratio (%) | |||
Biomass without Cd | Biomass with Cd | Biomass without Cd | Biomass with Cd | |||
XLA | 284.6 | 46.13 | 48.48 | 531.8 | 34.66 | 33.91 |
285.2 | 27.92 | 18.92 | 532.8 | 57.65 | 50.87 | |
286.3 | 25.95 | 34.60 | 533.7 | 7.70 | 15.22 | |
XLC | 284.6 | 38.66 | 45.36 | 532.0 | 43.65 | 42.46 |
285.3 | 39.71 | 30.43 | 533.0 | 48.86 | 45.77 | |
286.6 | 19.19 | 21.62 | 533.9 | 7.49 | 11.47 | |
288.1 | 2.44 | 2.59 |
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Isolation of Cadmium-Resistant Filamentous Fungi
3.2. Molecular Identification of Cadmium-Resistant Filamentous Fungi
3.3. Determination of Resistance to Varied Heavy Metals
3.4. Batch Biosorption Studies
3.5. Biosorption Isotherm
3.6. Desorption Studies
3.7. FTIR Studies
3.8. SEM/EDS Studies
3.9. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Studies
3.10. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Xia, L.; Xu, X.; Zhu, W.; Huang, Q.; Chen, W. A Comparative Study on the Biosorption of Cd2+ onto Paecilomyces lilacinus XLA and Mucoromycote sp. XLC. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 15670-15687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160715670
Xia L, Xu X, Zhu W, Huang Q, Chen W. A Comparative Study on the Biosorption of Cd2+ onto Paecilomyces lilacinus XLA and Mucoromycote sp. XLC. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(7):15670-15687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160715670
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia, Lu, Xingjian Xu, Wei Zhu, Qiaoyun Huang, and Wenli Chen. 2015. "A Comparative Study on the Biosorption of Cd2+ onto Paecilomyces lilacinus XLA and Mucoromycote sp. XLC" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 7: 15670-15687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160715670