A Polymer Visualization System with Accurate Heating and Cooling Control and High-Speed Imaging
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. System Development
2.2. Measurement of Isothermal Crystallization with High-Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry
2.3. In Situ Observation of Crystal Formation and Foaming Processes
Material | Tiso [°C] | Material | Tiso [°C] |
---|---|---|---|
Linear PP | 124 | PP-ethylene copolymer | 112 |
127 | 115 | ||
130 | 118 | ||
133 | 121 | ||
136 | 124 | ||
139 | 127 | ||
130 |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Experimental Materials
3.2. Measurement of Isothermal Crystallization with High-Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry
3.3. In Situ Observation of Crystal Formation and Foaming Processes
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Abbreviations
A | pre-exponent parameter for the cell nucleation rate equation, #/cm3-s |
F | ratio of a nucleated bubble’s volume to a spherical bubble’s volume with the same radius, dimensionless |
kb | Boltzmann’s Constant, m2-kg/s2-K |
J | cell nucleation rate, #/cm3-s |
Pbub,cr | bubble pressure at the critical radius, Pa |
ΔPlocal | local system pressure around a bubble, Pa |
Psat | saturation pressure, Pa |
Psys | system pressure, Pa |
−dPsys/dt|avg | average pressure drop rate, Pa/s |
Rcr | critical radius, cm |
Tc | crystallization temperature, °C |
Tiso | isothermal temperature, °C |
Tm | melting temperature, °C |
Tsys | system temperature, °C |
W | free energy barrier for cell nucleation, J |
θc | contact angle, ° |
γlg | surface tension at the polymer/gas interface, N/m |
Conflicts of Interest
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Wong, A.; Guo, Y.; Park, C.B.; Zhou, N.Q. A Polymer Visualization System with Accurate Heating and Cooling Control and High-Speed Imaging. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 9196-9216. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16059196
Wong A, Guo Y, Park CB, Zhou NQ. A Polymer Visualization System with Accurate Heating and Cooling Control and High-Speed Imaging. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(5):9196-9216. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16059196
Chicago/Turabian StyleWong, Anson, Yanting Guo, Chul B. Park, and Nan Q. Zhou. 2015. "A Polymer Visualization System with Accurate Heating and Cooling Control and High-Speed Imaging" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 5: 9196-9216. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16059196