Molecular Biology of Brain Metastasis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pathogenesis of Brain Metastasis
2.1. Cellular Heterogeneity and Proliferation
2.2. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
2.3. Interaction with Tumor Stroma
2.4. Local Invasion
2.5. E-Cadherin-Catenin Complex and Integrins
2.6. Dissemination
2.7. The Brain’s Microenvironment
2.8. Contribution of Systemic Immune Cells to Metastasis Proliferation on the Brain
3. Evolution of Brain Metastasis Animal Models
3.1. Current Brain Metastases Models
3.2. Genetics in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
4. Epigenetics in Brain Metastases
4.1. DNA Methylation
4.2. MicroRNAs in Brain Metastases
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Svokos, K.A.; Salhia, B.; Toms, S.A. Molecular Biology of Brain Metastasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 9519-9530. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15069519
Svokos KA, Salhia B, Toms SA. Molecular Biology of Brain Metastasis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(6):9519-9530. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15069519
Chicago/Turabian StyleSvokos, Konstantina A., Bodour Salhia, and Steven A. Toms. 2014. "Molecular Biology of Brain Metastasis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 6: 9519-9530. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15069519