Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Six Algerian Propolis Extracts: Ethyl Acetate Extracts Inhibit Myeloperoxidase Activity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Assessment of Flavonoids, Polyphenols and Ascorbic Acid
2.2. Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity
2.3. Assessment of the Inhibition of MPO and LDL Oxidation Inhibition Occurring by MPO
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Collection, Extraction and Separation
3.2. Assay of Polyphenols, Flavonoids and Ascorbic Acid
3.3. Evaluation of Antiradical Activity by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
3.4. Scavenging Lipid Peroxidation
3.5. Preparation of the Recombinant Enzyme and of LDL
3.6. Myeloperoxidase Inhibition Assay
3.7. Inhibition of LDL Oxidation
3.8. Statistics
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Information
ijms-15-02327-s001.pdfAcknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Propolis Sites | Sample | Total polyphenols (mg EAG/g) | Flavonoids (mg EQ/g) | Ascorbic acid (×10−3 mg/g) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EEP | EAP | EEP | EAP | |||
Tigzirt § | 1 | 279 ± 1 | 293.0 ± 0.5 | 69 ± 1 | 80 ± 1 | 0.94 ± 0.01 |
Ouled ali | 2 | 125 ± 1 | 152 ± 1 | 36 ± 1 | 40.7 ± 0.9 | 0.45 ± 0.02 |
Ain El Arba | 3 | 155 ± 1 | 194 ± 1 | 45 ± 1 | 58 ± 1 | 0.54 ± 0.02 |
Yennarou § | 4 | 205 ± 2 | 223 ± 1 | 56 ± 1 | 71.6 ± 0.8 | 0.79 ± 0.02 |
Ain ouassara | 5 | 55 ± 1 | 70 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 | 32 ± 1 | 0.39 ± 0.01 |
Ksar el hirane | 6 | 75 ± 1 | 91 ± 1 | 10 ± 1 | 14.4 ± 0.9 | 0.29 ± 0.01 |
Propolis Site | Sample | Anti-radical test IC50 (μg/mL) | MPO inhibition IC50 (μg/mL) | % Mox-LDL with 20 μg/mL of EAP | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EEP | EAP | EEP | EAP | |||
Tigzirt | 1 | 19.4 ± 0.2 | 16.3 ± 0.3 | 21 ± 1 | 6.9 ± 0.2 § | 80 ± 4 † |
Ouled ali | 2 | >50 | >50 | 46 ± 1 | 40 ± 1 | 92 ± 3 |
Ain El Arba | 3 | 34 ± 1 | 27.4 ± 0.4 | 21.0 ± 0.8 | 49 ± 2 | 92 ± 2 |
Yennarou | 4 | 24.7 ± 0.3 | 19.6 ± 0.4 | 10.3 ± 0.3 | 12.8 ± 0.7 § | 99 ± 4 |
Ain ouassara | 5 | >50 | >50 | 41.6 ± 0.3 | 53.2 ± 0.8 | 89 ± 2 |
Ksar el hirane | 6 | >50 | >50 | 48.7 ± 0.7 | 49 ± 1 | 77 ± 2 † |
Fraction | Total polyphenols (mg EAG/g) | Flavonoïds (mg EQ/g) | Antiradical IC50 μg/mL | MPO inhibition IC50 μg/mL |
---|---|---|---|---|
E1F1 | 72 ± 1 | 39 ± 8 | >50 | 24.3 ± 0.2 |
E1F2 | 88 ± 2 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | >50 | 43 ± 2 |
E1F3 | 107 ± 2 | 48.2 ± 0.54 | >50 | 11.7 ± 0.1 |
E1F4 | 223 ± 2 | 47 ± 5 | >50 | 12.5 ± 0.3 |
E1F5 | 313 ± 2 | 31 ± 3 | 16 ± 1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 |
E1F6 | 230 ± 1 | 8.0 ± 0.3 | 24 ± 1 | 4.7 ± 0.2 |
E1F7 | 337 ± 1 | 51 ± 6 | 13 ± 1 | 1.28 ± 0.06 |
E4F1 | 210 ± 1 | 17 ± 2 | 20 ± 1 | 2.49 ± 0.06 |
E4F2 | 180 ± 2 | 0 | 35 ± 2 | 11.5 ± 0.6 |
E4F3 | 64 ± 2 | 0 | >50 | 26.1 ± 0.5 |
E4F4 | 0 | 0 | >50 | 49.0 ± 0.1 |
E4F5 | 0 | 0 | >50 | 48 ± 1 |
E4F6 | 0 | 0 | >50 | 43 ± 2 |
E4F7 | 10 ± 1 | 0 | >50 | 38.7 ± 0.3 |
E1F5.1 | 314 ± 2 | 0 | 9 ± 1 | 2.6 ± 0.06 |
E1F5.2 | 162.9 ± 0.9 | 0 | 25 ± 2 | 10.6 ± 0.1 |
E1E5.3 | 213 ± 1 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 13 ± 2 | 16.7 ± 0.6 |
E1F5.4 | 259 ± 1 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 8.3 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.1 |
E1F7.1 | 206 ± 1 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 17.0 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.06 |
E1F7.2 | 252 ± 2 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 13 ± 1 | 3.97 ± 0.06 |
E1F7.3 | 155 ± 1 | 5.0 ± 1 | 26 ± 1 | 5.0 ± 0.1 |
E1F7.4 | 280 ± 2 | 22 ± 2 | 10.0 ± 0.1 | 2.62 ± 0.07 |
E1F5.3.1 | 163 ± 1 | 0 | >50 | 20.6 ± 0.8 |
E1F5.3.2 | 189 ± 1 | 0 | >50 | 13.0 ± 0.6 |
E1F7.1.1 | 249 ± 1 | 15 ± 1 | 21 ± 1 | 18 ± 2 |
E1F7.1.2 | 239 ± 1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 12 ± 1 | 6.6 ± 0.1 |
E1F7.1.3 | 271 ± 2 | 31 ± 1 | 10.0 ± 0.7 | 4.06 ± 0.03 |
Family | Compound | IC50 (μM) ± SD | Conc (μM) | Conc IC50 (μM) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flavonoids | Chrysin $ | 8 ± 2 | 5.2 ± 0.8 | 0.11 ± 0.02 |
Galangin | >10 | |||
Genistein | >10 | |||
Kaempferol $ | 4 ± 2 | 284 ± 12 | 6.0 ± 0.3 | |
Acacetin | 9 ± 2 | 7.5 ± 0.4 | 1.57 ± 0.08 | |
Polyphenols | Caffeic acid | >10 | ||
Ferulic acid $ | 6 ± 3 | 67 ± 17 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | |
Totarol | >10 | |||
other | Cinnamic acid | 9 ± 4 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 0.03± 0.01 |
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Boufadi, Y.M.; Soubhye, J.; Riazi, A.; Rousseau, A.; Vanhaeverbeek, M.; Nève, J.; Boudjeltia, K.Z.; Van Antwerpen, P. Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Six Algerian Propolis Extracts: Ethyl Acetate Extracts Inhibit Myeloperoxidase Activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 2327-2345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15022327
Boufadi YM, Soubhye J, Riazi A, Rousseau A, Vanhaeverbeek M, Nève J, Boudjeltia KZ, Van Antwerpen P. Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Six Algerian Propolis Extracts: Ethyl Acetate Extracts Inhibit Myeloperoxidase Activity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(2):2327-2345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15022327
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoufadi, Yasmina Mokhtaria, Jalal Soubhye, Ali Riazi, Alexandre Rousseau, Michel Vanhaeverbeek, Jean Nève, Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia, and Pierre Van Antwerpen. 2014. "Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Six Algerian Propolis Extracts: Ethyl Acetate Extracts Inhibit Myeloperoxidase Activity" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 2: 2327-2345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15022327