Neuroprotective Effects of Liraglutide for Stroke Model of Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Behavioral Amelioration in Liraglutide-Treated Rats
2.2. Changes of Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow
2.3. Effects of Liraglutide on Blood Glucose Level
2.4. Reduction of Infarct Volumes in Liraglutide-Treated Rats
2.5. Decrease of d-ROMs in Liraglutide-Treated Rats
2.6. VEGF Upregulation in the Cortex of Liraglutide-Treated Rats, but Not in the Striatum
3. Discussion
3.1. GLP-1 Analogue and Diseases in the Central Nervous System
3.2. Anti-Oxidative Effects of GLP-1 and Its Analogue
3.3. Other Neuroprotective Mechanisms of GLP-1 Including Secretion of Neurohumoral Factors
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Subjects
4.2. Experimental Groups
4.3. Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
4.4. Measurement of Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow
4.5. Neurological Evaluation: Modified Bederson’s Score
4.6. Measurement of Blood Glucose Level
4.7. Measurement of the Infarct Volumes
4.8. Measurement of Oxidative Stress
4.9. VEGF ELISA
4.10. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sato, K.; Kameda, M.; Yasuhara, T.; Agari, T.; Baba, T.; Wang, F.; Shinko, A.; Wakamori, T.; Toyoshima, A.; Takeuchi, H.; et al. Neuroprotective Effects of Liraglutide for Stroke Model of Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 21513-21524. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms141121513
Sato K, Kameda M, Yasuhara T, Agari T, Baba T, Wang F, Shinko A, Wakamori T, Toyoshima A, Takeuchi H, et al. Neuroprotective Effects of Liraglutide for Stroke Model of Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013; 14(11):21513-21524. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms141121513
Chicago/Turabian StyleSato, Kenichiro, Masahiro Kameda, Takao Yasuhara, Takashi Agari, Tanefumi Baba, Feifei Wang, Aiko Shinko, Takaaki Wakamori, Atsuhiko Toyoshima, Hayato Takeuchi, and et al. 2013. "Neuroprotective Effects of Liraglutide for Stroke Model of Rats" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 11: 21513-21524. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms141121513