Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12(8), 4819-4835; doi:10.3390/ijms12084819
Article

Evaluation of in Vitro and in Vivo Depigmenting Activity of Raspberry Ketone from Rheum officinale

Victor Chia-Hsiang Lin 1,2 email, Hsiou-Yu Ding 3,* email, Shiou-Yi Kuo 4 email, Ling-Wei Chin 3 email, Jiumn-Yih Wu 2 email and Te-Sheng Chang 4,* email
1 Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan 2 The PhD Program of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan 3 Institute of Cosmetics Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan 4 Department of Biological Science and Technology, National University of Tainan, 33 sec. 2 Su-Lin St., Tainan 71702, Taiwan
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 22 June 2011 / Accepted: 21 July 2011 / Published: 28 July 2011
(This article belongs to the Section Bioactives and Nutraceuticals)
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Abstract: Melanogenesis inhibition by raspberry ketone (RK) from Rheum officinale was investigated both in vitro in cultivated murine B16 melanoma cells and in vivo in zebrafish and mice. In B16 cells, RK inhibited melanogenesis through a post-transcriptional regulation of tyrosinase gene expression, which resulted in down regulation of both cellular tyrosinase activity and the amount of tyrosinase protein, while the level of tyrosinase mRNA transcription was not affected. In zebrafish, RK also inhibited melanogenesis by reduction of tyrosinase activity. In mice, application of a 0.2% or 2% gel preparation of RK applied to mouse skin significantly increased the degree of skin whitening within one week of treatment. In contrast to the widely used flavoring properties of RK in perfumery and cosmetics, the skin-whitening potency of RK has been demonstrated in the present study. Based on our findings reported here, RK would appear to have high potential for use in the cosmetics industry.
Keywords: B16 melanoma; tyrosinase; inhibition; zebrafish; melanogenesis; Rheum officinale; raspberry ketone

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Lin, V.-H.; Ding, H.-Y.; Kuo, S.-Y.; Chin, L.-W.; Wu, J.-Y.; Chang, T.-S. Evaluation of in Vitro and in Vivo Depigmenting Activity of Raspberry Ketone from Rheum officinale. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 4819-4835.

AMA Style

Lin V-H, Ding H-Y, Kuo S-Y, Chin L-W, Wu J-Y, Chang T-S. Evaluation of in Vitro and in Vivo Depigmenting Activity of Raspberry Ketone from Rheum officinale. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2011; 12(8):4819-4835.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin, Victor Chia-Hsiang; Ding, Hsiou-Yu; Kuo, Shiou-Yi; Chin, Ling-Wei; Wu, Jiumn-Yih; Chang, Te-Sheng. 2011. "Evaluation of in Vitro and in Vivo Depigmenting Activity of Raspberry Ketone from Rheum officinale." Int. J. Mol. Sci. 12, no. 8: 4819-4835.

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