Skin Penetration Enhancement by Natural Oils for Dihydroquercetin Delivery
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Fatty Acid Composition Analysis of Natural Oils
2.2. TOF-SIMS Imaging of Skin Samples Treated with Natural Oils
2.3. Analysis of Ion Intensity Profiles of the Samples Treated with Natural Oils
2.4. Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Fatty Acid Content Changes
2.5. Effect of Natural Oils on Dihydroquercetin Skin Distribution
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition in Natural Oils
4.3. Human Skin Distribution Experiments
4.4. Quantitative Analysis of Dihydroquercetin in the Skin Samples
4.5. Fatty Acids Distribution Analysis in the Skin Samples
4.6. Statistical Analysis of Data
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds: dihydroquercetin, polyethylene glycol 400, olive oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, avocado oil, sea buckthorn pulp oil, raspberry seed oil are available from the authors. |
Fatty Acid | Soybean Oil | Olive Oil | Avocado Oil | Sea-Buckthorn Pulp Oil | Raspberry Seed Oil | Coconut Oil |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C6:0 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.285 |
C8:0 | 0.000 | 0.019 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 5.582 |
C10:0 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.000 | 5.216 |
C12:0 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.363 | 0.000 | 45.943 |
C14:0 | 0.067 | 0.011 | 0.042 | 0.402 | 0.044 | 17.983 |
C14:1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.097 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
C15:0 | 0.015 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.068 | 0.000 | 0.010 |
C16:0 | 10.478 | 10.037 | 8.252 | 33.294 | 3.705 | 9.212 |
C16:1 | 0.100 | 0.859 | 1.974 | 30.540 | 0.122 | 0.024 |
C17:0 | 0.094 | 0.056 | 0.041 | 0.157 | 0.055 | 0.039 |
C17:1 | 0.052 | 0.075 | 0.065 | 0.102 | 0.046 | 0.000 |
C18:0 | 3.702 | 3.475 | 2.300 | 0.814 | 1.812 | 2.774 |
C18:1 | 23.033 | 79.585 | 71.820 | 29.126 | 14.320 | 7.754 |
C18:2 | 53.909 | 3.959 | 14.596 | 3.547 | 45.929 | 4.565 |
C18:3 | 7.251 | 0.580 | 0.133 | 0.898 | 28.530 | 0.356 |
C20:0 | 0.286 | 0.345 | 0.133 | 0.140 | 0.719 | 0.098 |
C20:1 | 0.354 | 0.218 | 0.167 | 0.124 | 2.939 | 0.065 |
C20:2 | 0.088 | 0.010 | 0.174 | 0.000 | 0.276 | 0.000 |
C20:3 | 0.000 | 0.574 | 0.029 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
C20:4 | 0.036 | 0.037 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.038 | 0.000 |
C20:5 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.112 | 0.000 |
C21:0 | 0.055 | 0.013 | 0.094 | 0.061 | 0.117 | 0.000 |
C22:0 | 0.323 | 0.095 | 0.108 | 0.032 | 0.148 | 0.035 |
C22:1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.023 | 0.423 | 0.000 |
C24:0 | 0.102 | 0.043 | 0.044 | 0.046 | 0.055 | 0.034 |
C24:1 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.019 | 0.037 | 0.000 |
Unidentified | 0.041 | 0.012 | 0.031 | 0.105 | 0.576 | 0.029 |
Donor Phase | DHQ Flux Into Epidermis | ER Epidermis | DHQ Flux Into Dermis | ER Dermis |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control solution | 0.109 ± 0.070 | - | 0.095 ± 0.056 | - |
Soybean oil (10%) | 1.577 ± 1.011 | 14.451 * | 0.457 ± 0.273 | 4.810 * |
Olive oil (10%) | 0.104 ± 0.085 | 0.950 | 0.352 ± 0.261 | 3.708 * |
Avocado oil (10%) | 0.139 ± 0.038 | 1.276 | 0.106 ± 0.035 | 1.116 |
Sea buckthorn oil (10%) | 0.099 ± 0.061 | 0.909 | 0.171 ± 0.117 | 1.802 |
Raspberry seed oil (10%) | 0.036 ± 0.018 | 0.330 | 0.147 ± 0.061 | 1.549 |
Coconut oil (10%) | 0.022 ± 0.011 | 0.201 | 0.025 ± 0.016 | 0.259 |
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Čižinauskas, V.; Elie, N.; Brunelle, A.; Briedis, V. Skin Penetration Enhancement by Natural Oils for Dihydroquercetin Delivery. Molecules 2017, 22, 1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22091536
Čižinauskas V, Elie N, Brunelle A, Briedis V. Skin Penetration Enhancement by Natural Oils for Dihydroquercetin Delivery. Molecules. 2017; 22(9):1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22091536
Chicago/Turabian StyleČižinauskas, Vytis, Nicolas Elie, Alain Brunelle, and Vitalis Briedis. 2017. "Skin Penetration Enhancement by Natural Oils for Dihydroquercetin Delivery" Molecules 22, no. 9: 1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22091536