Enhanced Uptake of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles by Intestinal Epithelial Cells in a State of Inflammation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characterization of NPs
2.2. CCK-8 Assays and Measurement of Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and Inflammation
2.3. Tissue Distribution and Cellular Localization of Fe3O4 NPs
2.4. Investigation of the Uptake of Fe3O4 NPs in Caco-2 Cells
2.5. Investigation of the Uptake Features of Fe3O4 NPs in Caco-2 Cells
2.6. Transport of the Fe3O4 NPs in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Characterization of NPs
3.3. Cell Culture
3.4. Cell Viability Assay
3.5. Bio-Distribution and Cellular Location of NPs
3.6. Quantitative Analysis of the Internalized NPs in Intestinal Epithelial Cells
3.7. Quantitative Analysis of the Fe3O4 NPs Transport across Caco-2 Cell Monolayers
3.8. Western Blotting
3.9. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
- β-actin sense: 5′-GGTGTGATGGTGGGAATGGG-3′;
- β-actin antisense: 5′-ACGGTTGGCCTTAGGGTTCAG-3′.
- TNF-α sense: 5′-CCCAGGGACCTCTCTCTAATCA-3′;
- TNF-α antisense: 5′-AGCTGCCCCTCAGCTTGAG-3′.
- CHC sense: 5′-TGAGGCGACTGGGCGGAGTT-3′;
- CHC antisense: 5′-CCGGGGACGCAGGAAACTGG-3′.
- CAV-1 sense: 5′-GCCAACTACCAGCGTGAC-3′
- CAV-1 antisense: 5′-ATGCCCGCACCTGAGTAA-3′
3.10. Transmission Electron Microscopy
3.11. Statistics
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
Inhibitors | Functions | Concentrations |
---|---|---|
EIPA | Inhibitor of endocytosis pathway through macropinocytosis | 20 μM |
Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin | Inhibitor of lipid raft/caveolae dependent endocytosis | 10 mM |
Chloropromazine | Inhibitor of clathrin-related route | 30 μM |
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Zhou, G.; Zhang, J.; Pan, C.; Liu, N.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, J. Enhanced Uptake of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles by Intestinal Epithelial Cells in a State of Inflammation. Molecules 2017, 22, 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22081240
Zhou G, Zhang J, Pan C, Liu N, Wang Z, Zhang J. Enhanced Uptake of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles by Intestinal Epithelial Cells in a State of Inflammation. Molecules. 2017; 22(8):1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22081240
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Gang, Jin Zhang, Chun Pan, Naicheng Liu, Zhenheng Wang, and Junfeng Zhang. 2017. "Enhanced Uptake of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles by Intestinal Epithelial Cells in a State of Inflammation" Molecules 22, no. 8: 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22081240