Salvia miltiorrhiza Induces Tonic Contraction of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter in Rats via Activation of Extracellular Ca2+ Influx
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. The Content of Tanshinone IIA (TA) in SM Extracts
2.2. Dose-Response Effect of SM Extracts on Contraction of LES
2.3. Effect of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) on SM Extracts-Induced Contraction of LES
2.4. Effect of Atropine on SM Extract-Induced Contraction of LES
2.5. Effect of L-Type Ca2+ Channel Blocker on SM Extract-Induced Contraction of LES
2.6. Effect of Ca2+-Free Krebs-Henseleit Solution plus EGTA on SM Extract-Induced Contraction of LES
2.7. Effects of SM Extracts on Cytosolic Concentration of Free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in Primary LES Smooth Muscle Cells
2.8. Effect of SM Extracts on Confocal Images of Changes in Intracellular [Ca2+] in Primary LES Smooth Muscle Cells
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of SM Extracts
3.3. HPLC Analysis of TA in SM Extracts
3.4. Measurement of Contraction of LES in Rat
3.5. Effect of Tetrodotoxin, Atropine, Nifedipine and Ca2+-Free Krebs-Henseleit Solution with EGTA on SM Extract-Induced Contraction of LES in Rat
3.6. Enzymatic Isolation of Primary LES Smooth Muscle Cells
3.7. [Ca2+]i Measurements
3.8. Confocal Microscope Fluorescent Images
3.9. Data Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tsai, C.-C.; Chang, L.-C.; Huang, S.-C.; Tey, S.-L.; Hsu, W.-L.; Su, Y.-T.; Liu, C.-W.; Tsai, T.-R. Salvia miltiorrhiza Induces Tonic Contraction of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter in Rats via Activation of Extracellular Ca2+ Influx. Molecules 2015, 20, 14504-14521. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200814504
Tsai C-C, Chang L-C, Huang S-C, Tey S-L, Hsu W-L, Su Y-T, Liu C-W, Tsai T-R. Salvia miltiorrhiza Induces Tonic Contraction of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter in Rats via Activation of Extracellular Ca2+ Influx. Molecules. 2015; 20(8):14504-14521. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200814504
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsai, Ching-Chung, Li-Ching Chang, Shih-Che Huang, Shu-Leei Tey, Wen-Li Hsu, Yu-Tsun Su, Ching-Wen Liu, and Tong-Rong Tsai. 2015. "Salvia miltiorrhiza Induces Tonic Contraction of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter in Rats via Activation of Extracellular Ca2+ Influx" Molecules 20, no. 8: 14504-14521. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200814504