Variation in Phenolics, Flavanoids, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Peach Blossoms at Different Developmental Stages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Total Phenolics and Flavanoids
2.2. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Analysis of Selected Phenolic Compounds
Developmental Stage | I | II | III | IV | V | VI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorogenic acid | 72.87 ± 3.41 a | 59.58 ± 3.67 b | 44.21 ± 1.79 c | 37.32 ± 2.30 d | 32.53 ± 2.85 de | 30.67 ± 3.13 e |
Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside | 3.72 ± 0.30 ab | 4.00 ± 0.18 a | 4.00 ± 0.26 a | 3.76 ± 0.14 ab | 3.36 ± 0.26 bc | 3.07 ± 0.21 c |
Kaempferol-3-O-galactoside | 9.96 ± 0.43 a | 10.08 ± 0.52 a | 8.45 ± 0.35 b | 7.50 ± 0.46 c | 6.52 ± 0.29 d | 7.05 ± 0.23 cd |
Quercetin-3-O-galactoside | 0.80 ± 0.05 a | 0.89 ± 0.05 a | 0.86 ± 0.02 a | 0.83 ± 0.04 a | 0.81 ± 0.03 a | 0.84 ± 0.03 a |
Kaempferol-4-O-glucoside | 5.57 ± 0.22 b | 5.86 ± 0.19 b | 5.62 ± 0.31 b | 5.61 ± 0.28 b | 5.99 ± 0.17 b | 6.96 ± 0.33 a |
Cinnamic acid | 1.48 ± 0.10 a | 1.39 ± 0.06 a | 1.13 ± 0.03 b | 0.98 ± 0.03 b | 0.82 ± 0.05 c | 0.82 ± 0.02 c |
2.3. Antioxidant Activity
2.3.1. Scavenging Capacity towards Superoxide Anion Radicals
2.3.2. Scavenging Capacity towards Hydroxyl Radicals
2.3.3. Scavenging Capacity towards DPPH Radicals
2.4. Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity
2.5. Correlation Analysis
ACW | ACL | HR | DPPH | TI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total phenolics | 0.9795 ** | 0.9875 ** | 0.9593 ** | 0.9372 ** | 0.7242 |
Total flavanoids | 0.9775 ** | 0.9845 ** | 0.9608 ** | 0.9302 ** | 0.7124 |
Chlorogenic acid | 0.9856 ** | 0.9795 ** | 0.9496 ** | 0.9285 ** | 0.6995 |
Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside | 0.4525 | 0.6602 | 0.8037 * | 0.7063 | 0.8648 * |
Kaempferol-3-O-galactoside | 0.8825 ** | 0.9510 ** | 0.9585 ** | 0.8369 * | 0.6570 |
Quercetin-3-O-galactoside | −0.1236 | 0.1176 | 0.2104 | −0.0640 | 0.0501 |
Kaempferol-4-O-glucoside | −0.4788 | −0.5769 | −0.7043 | −0.7862 * | −0.9560 ** |
Cinnamic acid | 0.9333 ** | 0.9802 ** | 0.9851 ** | 0.9136 ** | 0.7379 |
TI | 0.6282 | 0.7427 | 0.8368 * | 0.9001 ** | |
DPPH | 0.9011 ** | 0.9355 ** | 0.9435 ** | ||
HR | 0.8899 ** | 0.9652 ** | |||
ACL | 0.9509 ** |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of Peach Blossom Extracts
3.3. Determination of Total Phenolic Content
3.4. Determination of Total Flavonoid Content
3.5. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Analysis of Selected Phenolic Compounds
3.6. Photochem Assay
3.7. DPPH Assay
3.8. Hydroxyl Radical Assay
3.9. Tyrosinase Inhibition Assay
3.10. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Liu, J.-C.; Jiao, Z.-G.; Yang, W.-B.; Zhang, C.-L.; Liu, H.; Lv, Z.-Z. Variation in Phenolics, Flavanoids, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Peach Blossoms at Different Developmental Stages. Molecules 2015, 20, 20460-20472. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201119709
Liu J-C, Jiao Z-G, Yang W-B, Zhang C-L, Liu H, Lv Z-Z. Variation in Phenolics, Flavanoids, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Peach Blossoms at Different Developmental Stages. Molecules. 2015; 20(11):20460-20472. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201119709
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Jie-Chao, Zhong-Gao Jiao, Wen-Bo Yang, Chun-Ling Zhang, Hui Liu, and Zhen-Zhen Lv. 2015. "Variation in Phenolics, Flavanoids, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Peach Blossoms at Different Developmental Stages" Molecules 20, no. 11: 20460-20472. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201119709