Lipid Classes and Fatty Acid Regiodistribution in Triacylglycerols of Seed Oils of Two Sambucus Species (S. nigra L. and S. ebulus L.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Oil Content of the Seeds
2.2. Fatty Acids Profile
2.2.1. Fatty Acid Composition in TLs
Sambucus nigra L. | Sambucus ebulus L. | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fatty acids | TLs | PLs | MAGs | DAGs | FFAs | TAGs | SEs | TLs | PLs | MAGs | DAGs | FFAs | TAGs | SEs |
12:0 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.43 | 0.02 | 1.27 | tr. | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.35 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.58 |
14:0 | 0.09 a | 0.65 | 0.60 | 0.47 | 1.73 | 0.11 | 1.67 | 0.06 a | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.72 | 0.96 | 0.08 | 1.06 |
15:0 | 0.02 a | 0.25 | - | - | 0.51 | 0.03 | 0.73 | 0.01 a | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.43 | 0.02 | 0.46 |
AzA | 0.02 a | 0.42 | - | - | - | - | 0.30 | 0.02 a | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.20 | - | - | - |
16:0 | 7.93 a | 18.99 | 9.71 | 13.94 | 22.57 | 7.11 | 18.43 | 5.74 b | 15.22 | 8.77 | 9.60 | 15.78 | 5.80 | 9.99 |
16:1,n-9 | 0.15 a | 0.54 | - | 0.15 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 1.72 | 0.07 b | 0.19 | 0.29 | 0.76 | 0.69 | 0.05 | 0.92 |
16:1,n-7 | 0.08 a | 0.44 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.36 | 0.10 a | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.40 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.17 |
17:0 | 0.04 a | 0.14 | - | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 0.36 | 0.05 a | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.04 | 0.09 |
18:0 | 2.29 b | 4.81 | 2.38 | 4.37 | 11.57 | 1.76 | 8.57 | 2.94 a | 5.72 | 3.43 | 5.42 | 8.73 | 2.39 | 5.54 |
18:1, n-9 | 12.84 b | 12.78 | 5.53 | 19.04 | 7.77 | 11.35 | 23.00 | 20.31 a | 20.40 | 22.62 | 31.29 | 19.62 | 20.85 | 16.82 |
18:1, n-7 | 0.94 b | 1.72 | 0.89 | 1.74 | 0.69 | 0.82 | 0.60 | 1.22 a | 1.79 | 2.53 | 2.02 | 1.31 | 1.11 | 0.92 |
18:2, n-6 | 34.28 b | 40.07 | 48.48 | 48.43 | 23.88 | 36.02 | 24.64 | 41.43 a | 40.58 | 47.24 | 31.40 | 28.73 | 45.03 | 36.15 |
19:0 | - | 0.10 | - | - | - | - | 0.33 | - | 0.05 | - | - | 0.06 | - | - |
18:3, n-3 | 40.76 a | 11.34 | 27.50 | 9.44 | 29.50 | 42.31 | 10.39 | 27.50 b | 13.16 | 13.19 | 12.82 | 19.00 | 24.21 | 19.02 |
20:0 | 0.15 a | 0.66 | - | 0.39 | 0.32 | 0.06 | 1.99 | 0.14 a | 0.66 | 0.14 | 0.38 | 0.73 | 0.06 | 0.32 |
2-OH-C16:0 | - | 0.63 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.20 | - | - | - | - | - |
20:1, n-9 | 0.14 b | 0.36 | - | 0.39 | - | 0.10 | 0.38 | 0.28 a | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.74 | 0.39 | 0.17 | 0.49 |
20:2, n-6 | 0.07 a | 0.07 | - | - | - | 0.02 | - | 0.03 b | - | 0.06 | - | - | 0.01 | - |
20:3, n-3 | 0.04 | - | - | - | - | 0.06 | - | tr. | - | - | - | - | tr. | - |
22:0 | 0.08 a | 3.35 | - | 0.69 | - | - | 1.34 | 0.06 a | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.98 | - | 0.17 |
22:1, n-9 | 0.06 a | 2.29 | 4.74 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 3.94 | 0.03 b | 0.59 | 0.81 | 3.37 | 1.37 | 0.08 | 7.28 |
23:0 | 0.01 a | 0.17 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.01 a | 0.10 | - | - | 0.27 | - | - |
Oil content (g/100 g seeds) | 22.40 a | 24.90 a |
Fatty acids (% of total fatty acids) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | ∑ SFAs | ∑ MUFAs | ∑ PUFAs | ∑ VLCSFAs (≥20C) | n-6/n-3 | PUFAs/SFAs |
S.nigra | ||||||
TLs | a10.64 ± 0.45cde | b14.21 ± 0.55bd | a75.15 ± 1.65aa | a0.25 ± 0.05dde | b0.84e | a7.06b |
PLs | 29.75 ± 1.15bb | 18.14 ± 0.75cc | 51.49 ± 1.25ac | 4.18 ± 0.14da | 3.54b | 1.73e |
MAGs | 12.75 ± 0.47bd | 11.28 ± 0.38be | 75.97 ± 1.50aa | - | 1.76d | 5.96c |
DAGs | 20.36 ± 0.95bc | 21.77 ± 0.95bb | 57.87 ± 1.30ab | 1.08 ± 0.12cc | 5.13a | 2.84d |
FFAs | 37.53 ± 1.35ba | 9.09 ± 0.35cf | 53.38 ± 1.22ac | 0.32 ± 0.08dd | 0.81e | 1.42f |
TAGs | 9.15 ± 0.38ce | 12.44 ± 0.50bde | 78.42 ± 1.70aa | 0.06 ± 0.02de | 0.85e | 8.57a |
SEs | 34.98 ± 1.20aa | 30.00 ± 1.10ba | 35.02 ± 1.30ad | 3.33 ± 0.12cb | 2.37c | 1.00g |
S. ebulus | ||||||
TLs | b9.02 ± 0.40ce | a22.02 ± 0.80bc | b68.96 ± 1.55aa | a0.20 ± 0.05dd | a1.51e | a7.64b |
PLs | 22.62 ± 0.78bb | 23.44 ± 0.75bc | 53.74 ± 1.30ac | 0.94 ± 0.10cb | 3.08b | 2.38e |
MAGs | 12.77 ± 0.35cd | 26.75 ± 0.72bb | 60.49 ± 1.60ab | 0.16 ± 0.04dd | 3.59a | 4.74c |
DAGs | 17.20 ± 0.72cc | 38.57 ± 1.30ba | 44.22 ± 1.22ad | 0.57 ± 0.05dc | 2.45c | 2.57e |
FFAs | 28.70 ± 1.10ba | 23.57 ± 0.70cc | 47.73 ± 1.26ad | 1.97 ± 0.15da | 1.51e | 1.66f |
TAGs | 8.40 ± 0.35ce | 22.35 ± 0.75bc | 69.25 ± 1.60aa | 0.06 ± 0.03dd | 1.86d | 8.24a |
SEs | 18.22 ± 0.75cc | 26.60 ± 0.70bb | 55.17 ± 1.35ac | 0.49 ± 0.04dc | 1.90d | 3.03d |
2.2.2. Fatty Acid Composition of TAGs
2.2.3. Fatty Acid Composition of Minor Neutral Lipid (NL) Subclasses
2.2.4. Fatty Acid Composition of PLs
2.2.5. Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids in Seed TAGs
Sambucus nigra L. | Sambucus ebulus L. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
sn-position | sn-position | |||
Fatty acids (%) | sn-1,3 | sn-2 | sn-1,3 | sn-2 |
(12:0) | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
(14:0) | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.06 |
(15:0) | 0.03 | - | 0.03 | 0.02 |
(16:0) | 8.57 | 0.97 | 7.78 | 1.20 |
(16:1,n-9) | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
(16:1,n-7) | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
(17:0) | 0.04 | - | 0.06 | - |
(18:0) | 1.80 | 0.60 | 3.06 | 0.94 |
(18:1, n-9) | 8.71 | 16.79 | 15.33 | 29.31 |
(18:1, n-7) | 0.99 | 0.24 | 1.50 | 0.54 |
(18:2, n-6) | 32.59 | 43.56 | 42.88 | 50.41 |
(18:3, n-3) | 46.77 | 37.62 | 28.76 | 17.21 |
(20:0) | 0.06 | - | 0.06 | - |
(20:1, n-9) | 0.08 | - | 0.17 | - |
(20:2, n-6) | 0.07 | - | 0.03 | - |
(20:3, n-3) | 0.04 | - | tr. | - |
(22:1, n-9) | - | 0.06 | - | 0.10 |
3. Experimental
3.1. Samples and Chemicals
3.2. Extraction of Lipids
3.3. Fractionation of TLs
3.4. Positional Fatty Acid Composition
3.5. GC Analysis of FAMEs
3.6. Statistics
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary File 1Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dulf, F.V.; Oroian, I.; Vodnar, D.C.; Socaciu, C.; Pintea, A. Lipid Classes and Fatty Acid Regiodistribution in Triacylglycerols of Seed Oils of Two Sambucus Species (S. nigra L. and S. ebulus L.). Molecules 2013, 18, 11768-11782. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules181011768
Dulf FV, Oroian I, Vodnar DC, Socaciu C, Pintea A. Lipid Classes and Fatty Acid Regiodistribution in Triacylglycerols of Seed Oils of Two Sambucus Species (S. nigra L. and S. ebulus L.). Molecules. 2013; 18(10):11768-11782. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules181011768
Chicago/Turabian StyleDulf, Francisc Vasile, Ioan Oroian, Dan Cristian Vodnar, Carmen Socaciu, and Adela Pintea. 2013. "Lipid Classes and Fatty Acid Regiodistribution in Triacylglycerols of Seed Oils of Two Sambucus Species (S. nigra L. and S. ebulus L.)" Molecules 18, no. 10: 11768-11782. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules181011768