Molecules 2012, 17(5), 4896-4903; doi:10.3390/molecules17054896
Article

Gossypol Exhibits a Strong Influence Towards UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, 1A9 and 2B7-Mediated Metabolism of Xenobiotics and Endogenous Substances

Yong-Sheng Zhang 1,†,* email, Jun Yuan 1,† , Zhong-Ze Fang 2 , Yan-Yang Tu 1 , Cui-Min Hu 3 , Gan Li 1 , Liang Wang 1 , Jian-Ping Deng 1 , Jia-Jiu Yao 1  and Hai-Rong Li 1
1 Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China 2 Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA 3 1001 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA † These authors contributed equally to this work.
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 19 March 2012; in revised form: 8 April 2012 / Accepted: 16 April 2012 / Published: 27 April 2012
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products)
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Abstract: Gossypol, the polyphenolic constituent isolated from cottonseeds, has been used as a male antifertility drug for a long time, and has been demonstrated to exhibit excellent anti-tumor activity towards multiple cancer types. The toxic effects of gossypol limit its clinical utilization, and enzyme inhibition is an important facet of this. In the present study, in vitro human liver microsomal incubation system supplemented with UDPGA was used to investigate the inhibition of gossypol towards UGT1A1, 1A9 and 2B7-mediated metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous substances. Estradiol, the probe substrate of UGT1A1, was selected as representative endogenous substance. Propofol (a probe substrate of UGT1A9) and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythimidine (AZT, a probe substrate of UGT2B7) were employed as representative xenobiotics. The results showed that gossypol noncompetitively inhibits UGT-mediated estradiol-3-glucuronidation and propofol O-glucuronidation, and the inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) were calculated to be 34.2 and 16.4 μM, respectively. Gossypol was demonstrated to exhibit competitive inhibition towards UGT-mediated AZT glucuronidation, and the inhibition kinetic parameter (Ki) was determined to be 14.0 μM. All these results indicated that gossypol might induce metabolic disorders of endogenous substances and alteration of metabolic behaviour of co-administered xenobiotics through inhibition of UGTs’ activity.
Keywords: gossypol; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT); enzyme inhibition

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Y.-S.; Yuan, J.; Fang, Z.-Z.; Tu, Y.-Y.; Hu, C.-M.; Li, G.; Wang, L.; Deng, J.-P.; Yao, J.-J.; Li, H.-R. Gossypol Exhibits a Strong Influence Towards UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, 1A9 and 2B7-Mediated Metabolism of Xenobiotics and Endogenous Substances. Molecules 2012, 17, 4896-4903.

AMA Style

Zhang Y-S, Yuan J, Fang Z-Z, Tu Y-Y, Hu C-M, Li G, Wang L, Deng J-P, Yao J-J, Li H-R. Gossypol Exhibits a Strong Influence Towards UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, 1A9 and 2B7-Mediated Metabolism of Xenobiotics and Endogenous Substances. Molecules. 2012; 17(5):4896-4903.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Yong-Sheng; Yuan, Jun; Fang, Zhong-Ze; Tu, Yan-Yang; Hu, Cui-Min; Li, Gan; Wang, Liang; Deng, Jian-Ping; Yao, Jia-Jiu; Li, Hai-Rong. 2012. "Gossypol Exhibits a Strong Influence Towards UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, 1A9 and 2B7-Mediated Metabolism of Xenobiotics and Endogenous Substances." Molecules 17, no. 5: 4896-4903.

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