Molecules 2012, 17(3), 2408-2427; doi:10.3390/molecules17032408
Article

Synthesis, Characterization, X-ray Crystallography, Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activities of Some Novel Ketone Derivatives of Gallic Hydrazide-Derived Schiff Bases

Nura Suleiman Gwaram 1,* email, Hapipah Mohd Ali 1 , Mahmood Ameen Abdulla 2 , Michael J. C. Buckle 3 , Sri Devi Sukumaran 3 , Lip Yong Chung 3 , Rozana Othman 3 , Abeer A. Alhadi 3 , Wageeh A. Yehye 1 , A. Hamid A. Hadi 1 , Pouya Hassandarvish 2 , Hamid Khaledi 1  and Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab 3,* email
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 2 Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 3 Departments of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 28 January 2012; in revised form: 21 February 2012 / Accepted: 23 February 2012 / Published: 28 February 2012
(This article belongs to the Section Medicinal Chemistry)
PDF Full-text Download PDF Full-Text [586 KB, uploaded 28 February 2012 09:35 CET]
Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people and the pathogenesis of this disease is associated with oxidative stress. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with antioxidant activities are considered potential treatments for AD. Some novel ketone derivatives of gallic hydrazide-derived Schiff bases were synthesized and examined for their antioxidant activities and in vitro and in silico acetyl cholinesterase inhibition. The compounds were characterized using spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays revealed that all the compounds have strong antioxidant activities. N-(1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide (2) was the most potent inhibitor of human acetyl cholinesterase, giving an inhibition rate of 77% at 100 μM. Molecular docking simulation of the ligand-enzyme complex suggested that the ligand may be positioned in the enzyme’s active-site gorge, interacting with residues in the peripheral anionic subsite (PAS) and acyl binding pocket (ABP). The current work warrants further preclinical studies to assess the potential for these novel compounds for the treatment of AD.
Keywords: gallic hydrazide Schiff bases; AChE inhibition; antioxidant study; molecular docking

Supplementary Files

Article Statistics

Click here to load and display the download statistics.

Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Gwaram, N.S.; Ali, H.M.; Abdulla, M.A.; Buckle, M.J.C.; Sukumaran, S.D.; Chung, L.Y.; Othman, R.; Alhadi, A.A.; Yehye, W.A.; Hadi, A.H.A.; Hassandarvish, P.; Khaledi, H.; Abdelwahab, S.I. Synthesis, Characterization, X-ray Crystallography, Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activities of Some Novel Ketone Derivatives of Gallic Hydrazide-Derived Schiff Bases. Molecules 2012, 17, 2408-2427.

AMA Style

Gwaram NS, Ali HM, Abdulla MA, Buckle MJC, Sukumaran SD, Chung LY, Othman R, Alhadi AA, Yehye WA, Hadi AHA, Hassandarvish P, Khaledi H, Abdelwahab SI. Synthesis, Characterization, X-ray Crystallography, Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activities of Some Novel Ketone Derivatives of Gallic Hydrazide-Derived Schiff Bases. Molecules. 2012; 17(3):2408-2427.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gwaram, Nura Suleiman; Ali, Hapipah Mohd; Abdulla, Mahmood Ameen; Buckle, Michael J. C.; Sukumaran, Sri Devi; Chung, Lip Yong; Othman, Rozana; Alhadi, Abeer A.; Yehye, Wageeh A.; Hadi, A. Hamid A.; Hassandarvish, Pouya; Khaledi, Hamid; Abdelwahab, Siddig Ibrahim. 2012. "Synthesis, Characterization, X-ray Crystallography, Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activities of Some Novel Ketone Derivatives of Gallic Hydrazide-Derived Schiff Bases." Molecules 17, no. 3: 2408-2427.

Molecules EISSN 1420-3049 Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland RSS E-Mail Table of Contents Alert