Structural Probes in Quadruplex Nucleic Acid Structure Determination by NMR

doi:10.3390/molecules171113073

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Molecules 2012, 17(11), 13073-13086; doi:10.3390/molecules171113073

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Structural Probes in Quadruplex Nucleic Acid Structure Determination by NMR

Andreas Ioannis Karsisiotis and Mateus Webba da Silva*

Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 24 September 2012; in revised form: 1 November 2012 / Accepted: 1 November 2012 / Published: 5 November 2012

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nucleic Acid Analogs)

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Abstract: Traditionally, isotope-labelled DNA and RNA have been fundamental to nucleic acid structural studies by NMR. Four-stranded nucleic acid architectures studies increasingly benefit from a plethora of nucleotide conjugates for resonance assignments, the identification of hydrogen bond alignments, and improving the population of preferred species within equilibria. In this paper, we review their use for these purposes. Most importantly we identify reasons for the failure of some modifications to result in quadruplex formation.

Keywords: chemical modifications; 8-bromoguanosine; quadruplex; 2,6-diaminopurine; LNA; inosine; 8-O-methylguanine; 8-methylguanine; 5-bromouracil; riboguanosine

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Karsisiotis, A.I.; Webba da Silva, M. Structural Probes in Quadruplex Nucleic Acid Structure Determination by NMR. Molecules 2012, 17, 13073-13086.

AMA Style

Karsisiotis AI, Webba da Silva M. Structural Probes in Quadruplex Nucleic Acid Structure Determination by NMR. Molecules. 2012; 17(11):13073-13086.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karsisiotis, Andreas I.; Webba da Silva, Mateus. 2012. "Structural Probes in Quadruplex Nucleic Acid Structure Determination by NMR." Molecules 17, no. 11: 13073-13086.

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