AI and Data-Driven Advancements in Industry 4.0

AI and Data-Driven Advancements in Industry 4.0 reprint presents a comprehensive collection of innovative research articles that have advanced our understanding of artificial intelligence applications in industrial environments. This Topic Issue features a variety of contributions, ranging from intelligent sensor software that promotes energy-efficient decision-making in the welding of steel reinforcement to advanced prediction models for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling performance. In addition, state-of-the-art deep learning techniques for detecting scratch defects on metal surfaces are featured alongside novel methods for remote monitoring of central nervous system biomarkers using wearable sensors. The reprint also includes contributions on precise robot arm attitude estimation through multi-view imaging and super-resolution keypoint detection, as well as pioneering approaches in medical diagnostics, such as EEG-based Parkinson’s disease classification and enhanced retinal vessel segmentation. Furthermore, emerging themes of blockchain integration and smart contract vulnerability detection highlight the intersection of AI with secure data management, demonstrating how decentralized technologies can support robust, trustworthy systems. Collectively, these articles illustrate the transformative impact of data-centric strategies and deep learning in modern manufacturing, healthcare, and robotics, offering a retrospective view of cutting-edge innovations in Industry 4.0.