*2.3. Interventions*

Chewable orange-flavoured vitamin C tablets were provided by Tishcon Corp., Westbury, NY, USA. Analysis of the tablets indicated that they contained 49 mg of vitamin C per tablet. Participants received a single dose of four tablets, equivalent to ~196 mg vitamin C.

Gold kiwifruit (*Actinidia chinensis* var. *Sungold*) were provided by Zespri International Ltd., Mount Maunganui, New Zealand, and were stored at ≤4 °C. The vitamin C content of the kiwifruit was monitored by HPLC with electrochemical detection [21]. HPLC analysis indicated there was 162 ± 18 mg vitamin C per 100 g fruit (*n* = 5). Participants consumed 1.5 kiwifruit, without the skin (*i.e.*, ~78% of 103 ± 8.4 g fruit); therefore the actual amount of vitamin C consumed was estimated to be ~194 mg per 1.5 kiwifruit.
