Looking Forward to the Future of Heparin: New Sources, Developments and Applications

© 2019 by the authors; CC BY license

thrombin inhibition; LMWH; antithrombin; heparin oligosaccharides; ternary complex; heparin; hepcidin; iron homeostasis; anemia; heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; diagnosis; functional assay; platelets; heparin; heparan sulphate; TGF-β; bone morphogenetic protein (BMP); growth and differentiation factor (GDF); GDNF; BMP antagonists; noggin; sclerostin; gremlin; heparin; enoxaparin; subarachnoid hemorrhage; edema; brain injury; inflammation; cisplatin; low molecular weight heparin (LMWH); ovarian cancer; resistance; heparin; glycosaminoglycans; chondroitin sulfate; perylene diimide dyes; dermatan sulfate; fluorescent probe; Heparin Red; assay; dermatan sulfate; human plasma; heparin; alginate; sulfated alginate; biomaterials; heparin; heparan sulfate; serglycin; proteoglycan; recombinant expression; bioreactor; theranostics; solid lipid nanoparticles; iron oxide nanoparticles; heparin coating; intestinal lymphatic absorption; heparin; heparin process; manufacturing methods; industrial; super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION); hyaluronic acid (HA); bovine serum albumin (BSA); Fe₃O₄·DA-BSA/HA; paclitaxel (PTX); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); low-molecular-weight heparin; dalteparin; NMR; LC-MS; affinity chromatography; danaparoid sodium; low molecular weight glycosaminoglycans; orthogonal multi-analytical methods; sequence and compositional investigations; component quantitative analysis; heparin; crude heparin; NMR; quantitative NMR; PCA; chemometric; HSQC; bovine heparin; porcine heparin; molecular weight; size exclusion chromatography; pharmacopeia; Fondaparinux sodium; extended physicochemical characterization; qNMR; single crystal X-ray structure; reference standard; iduronic acid conformation; Arixtra®; n/a; n/a; n/a