Reprint

Polyamine Metabolism in Disease and Polyamine-Targeted Therapies

Edited by
September 2019
244 pages
  • ISBN978-3-03921-152-4 (Paperback)
  • ISBN978-3-03921-153-1 (PDF)

This is a Reprint of the Special Issue Polyamine Metabolism in Disease and Polyamine-Targeted Therapies that was published in

Medicine & Pharmacology
Public Health & Healthcare
Summary

Polyamines are ubiquitous polycations essential for all cellular life. The most common polyamines in eukaryotes, spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, exist in millimolar intracellular concentrations that are tightly regulated through biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. Polyamines interact with, and regulate, negatively charged macromolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, and ion channels. Accordingly, alterations in polyamine metabolism affect cellular proliferation and survival through changes in gene expression and transcription, translation, autophagy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of these multifaceted polyamine functions contribute to multiple disease processes, thus their metabolism and function have been targeted for preventive or therapeutic intervention. The correlation between elevated polyamine levels and cancer is well established, and ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting biosynthetic enzyme in the production of putrescine, is a bona fide transcriptional target of the Myc oncogene. Furthermore, induced polyamine catabolism contributes to carcinogenesis that is associated with certain forms of chronic infection and/or inflammation through the production of reactive oxygen species. These and other characteristics specific to cancer cells have led to the development of polyamine-based agents and inhibitors aimed at exploiting the polyamine metabolic pathway for chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive benefit. In addition to cancer, polyamines are involved in the pathologies of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, parasitic and infectious diseases, wound healing, ischemia/reperfusion injuries, and certain age-related conditions, as polyamines are known to decrease with age. As in cancer, polyamine-based therapies for these conditions are an area of active investigation. With recent advances in immunotherapy, interest has increased regarding polyamine-associated modulation of immune responses, as well as potential immunoregulation of polyamine metabolism, the results of which could have relevance to multiple disease processes. The goal of this Special Issue of Medical Sciences is to present the most recent advances in polyamine research as it relates to health, disease, and/or therapy.

Format
  • Paperback
License and Copyright
© 2019 by the authors; CC BY-NC-ND license
Keywords
polyamine transport inhibitor; Drosophila imaginal discs; difluoromethylorthinine; DFMO; polyamine; cancer; metabolism; difluoromethylornithine; polyamine transport inhibitor; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; curcumin; diferuloylmethane; ornithine decarboxylase; polyamine; NF-κB; chemoprevention; carcinogenesis; polyphenol; ornithine decarboxylase; polyamines; untranslated region; polyamines; α-difluoromethylornithine; polyamine transport system; melanoma; mutant BRAF; spermine; spermidine; putrescine; polyamine metabolism; mast cells; eosinophils; neutrophils; M2 macrophages; airway smooth muscle cells; Streptococcus pneumoniae; polyamines; pneumococcal pneumonia; proteomics; capsule; complementation; metabolism; cadaverine; polyamines; ornithine decarboxylase; difluoromethylornithine; eflornithine; DFMO; African sleeping sickness; hirsutism; colorectal cancer; neuroblastoma; aging; atrophy; autophagy; oxidative stress; polyamines; skeletal muscle; spermidine; spermine oxidase; transgenic mouse; immunity; T-lymphocytes; B-lymphocytes; tumor immunity; metabolism; epigenetics; autoimmunity; polyamines; ornithine decarboxylase; polyamine analogs; spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase; spermine oxidase; bis(ethyl)polyamine analogs; breast cancer; MCF-7 cells; transgenic mice; polyamines; MYC; protein synthesis in cancer; neuroblastoma; protein expression; antizyme 1; ornithine decarboxylase; CRISPR; human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293); cell differentiation; DFMO; ornithine decarboxylase; osteosarcoma; polyamines; polyamines; polyamine metabolism; antizyme; antizyme inhibitors; ornithine decarboxylase; Snyder-Robinson Syndrome; spermine synthase; X-linked intellectual disability; polyamine transport; spermidine; spermine; transglutaminase