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9 pages, 790 KB

Open AccessArticle

Development of a Table-Top High-Power, High-Stability, High-Harmonic-Generation Extreme-Ultraviolet Laser Source

by Ruixuan Li, Hao Xu, Kui Li, Guangyin Zhang, Jin Niu, Jiyue Tang, Zhengkang Xu, Yuwei Xiao, Xiran Guo, Jinze Hu, Yutong Wang, Yongjun Ma, Guangyan Guo, Lifen Liao, Changjun Ke, Jie Li and Zhongwei Fan

Photonics 2025, 12(9), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090942 - 22 Sep 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2575

Abstract

In this study, we present the development of a high-average-power, exceptionally stable extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) laser source based on a high-order harmonic generation (HHG) technique. The spectrum of an ytterbium-doped laser is broadened through self-phase modulation (SPM) in a gas-filled hollow fiber and compressed [...] Read more.

In this study, we present the development of a high-average-power, exceptionally stable extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) laser source based on a high-order harmonic generation (HHG) technique. The spectrum of an ytterbium-doped laser is broadened through self-phase modulation (SPM) in a gas-filled hollow fiber and compressed down to 25.3 fs for efficient harmonic generation. The high harmonics are generated in a krypton (Kr) gas cell, delivering a total power of 241 μW within the 30–60 nm spectral range, corresponding to a single harmonic output of 166 μW at a central wavelength of 46.8 nm. Notably, the system demonstrates good power stability with a root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of only 1.95% over 12 h of continuous operation. This advanced light source holds great potential for applications in nano- and quantum-material development and in semiconductor wafer defect detection. Future work aims to further enhance the output power in the 30–60 nm band to the milliwatt level, which would significantly bolster scientific research and technological development in related fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrafast Lasers and Nonlinear Optics)

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9 pages, 2132 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Hermetic Package Technique for Multi-Functional Fiber Sensors through Pressure Boundary of Energy Systems Based on Glass Sealants

by Zhichun Fan, Shuda Zhong, Kehao Zhao, Qirui Wang, Yuqi Li, Guangyin Zhang, Guangqun Ma, Jieru Zhao, He Yan, Zhiyong Huang, Jyotsna Sharma and Kevin P. Chen

Photonics 2024, 11(9), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11090792 - 25 Aug 2024

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2588

Abstract

This paper presents a hermitic fiber sensor packaging technique that enables fiber sensors to be embedded in energy systems for performing multi-parameter measurements in high-temperature and strong radiation environments. A high-temperature stable Intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (IFPI) array, inscribed by a femtosecond laser direct [...] Read more.

This paper presents a hermitic fiber sensor packaging technique that enables fiber sensors to be embedded in energy systems for performing multi-parameter measurements in high-temperature and strong radiation environments. A high-temperature stable Intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (IFPI) array, inscribed by a femtosecond laser direct writing scheme, is used to measure both temperature and pressure induced strain changes. To address the large disparity in thermo-expansion coefficients (TECs) between silica fibers and metal parts, glass sealants with TEC between silica optical fibers and metals were used to hermetically seal optical fiber sensors inside stainless steel metal tubes. The hermetically sealed package is validated for helium leakages between 1 MPa and 10 MPa using a helium leak detector. An IFPI sensor embedded in glass sealant was used to measure pressure. The paper demonstrates an effective technique to deploy fiber sensors to perform multi-parameter measurements in a wide range of energy systems that utilize high temperatures and strong radiation environments to achieve efficient energy production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Enhanced Devices and Instruments for Sensing Applications)

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19 pages, 7775 KB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Dynamics Study of Crystallization Behavior in the Solid State of Zr-Cu Amorphous Alloys

by Shuai Cao, Guangyin Liu, Jiankang Huang, Xiaoquan Yu, Yiming Luo and Ding Fan

Metals 2023, 13(9), 1571; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13091571 - 8 Sep 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3307

Abstract

Amorphous alloys show interesting mechanical properties as well as unique physical and chemical properties due to their atomic stacking structure. However, when partial crystallization occurs in amorphous alloys, it can impact the properties of the original amorphous alloy. To study the crystallization phenomenon [...] Read more.

Amorphous alloys show interesting mechanical properties as well as unique physical and chemical properties due to their atomic stacking structure. However, when partial crystallization occurs in amorphous alloys, it can impact the properties of the original amorphous alloy. To study the crystallization phenomenon in the Zr-based amorphous alloy, a three-dimensional Zr-based amorphous alloy atomic-stacking model was established by molecular dynamics simulations, and the atomic structure evolution of the Zr-Cu amorphous system after partial crystallization was analyzed by the radial distribution function g(r), HA bond index and Voronoi polyhedron. The results showed that adding more copper (Cu) atoms to the Zr-Cu amorphous system greatly improves its stability at high temperatures. The atomic diffusion was analyzed by root-mean-square displacement of atoms (MSD); as the temperature rose, the MSD of atoms also increased, suggesting that the crystallization of the amorphous material occurs due to the short-range diffusion of atoms. The analysis of the mechanism of the high-temperature action time on the Zr₈₀Cu₂₀ amorphous alloy showed that the crystallization phase precipitation rate of the amorphous alloy gradually increases with time, but it does not change linearly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computation and Simulation on Metals)

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12 pages, 3690 KB

Open AccessArticle

Facile Fabrication of Rhodium/Nanodiamond Hybrid as Advanced Catalyst toward Hydrogen Production from Ammonia–Borane

by Zhaoyu Wen, Jie Wu and Guangyin Fan

Catalysts 2020, 10(9), 1037; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10091037 - 9 Sep 2020

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3565

Abstract

Hydrogen generation through ammonia–borane (AB) hydrolysis has been regarded as one of the most promising pathways to tap renewable green energy. The design and synthesis of highly effective catalysts toward hydrogen production from aqueous AB is of paramount significance. Here, the facile synthesis [...] Read more.

Hydrogen generation through ammonia–borane (AB) hydrolysis has been regarded as one of the most promising pathways to tap renewable green energy. The design and synthesis of highly effective catalysts toward hydrogen production from aqueous AB is of paramount significance. Here, the facile synthesis of Rh nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on nanodiamond (nano-DA) and concomitant AB hydrolysis to produce hydrogen was successfully achieved. The in situ generated Rh/nano-DA exhibited excellent catalytic activity toward AB hydrolysis, with a high turnover frequency (TOF) value of 729.4 min⁻¹ at 25 °C and a low activation energy of 25.6 kJ mol⁻¹. Moreover, the catalyst could be reused four times. The unique properties of DA with abundant oxygen-containing groups enable the homogeneous distribution of small and surface-clean Rh NPs on the nano-DA surface, which can supply abundant accessible active sites for hydrogen evolution from AB hydrolysis. This study demonstrated that nano-DA can be applied as an ideal matrix to deposit efficient Rh nanocatalyst toward hydrogen evolution reaction. Full article

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10 pages, 2807 KB

Open AccessArticle

Ultrafine Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Soft Nitriding Porous Carbon for Hydrogen Production from Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Dimethyl Amine-Borane

by Zhaoyu Wen, Qiong Fu, Jie Wu and Guangyin Fan

Nanomaterials 2020, 10(8), 1612; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081612 - 17 Aug 2020

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4255

Abstract

Simple and efficient synthesis of a nano-catalyst with an excellent catalytic property for hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of dimethyl amine-borane (DMAB) is a missing piece. Herein, effective and recycled palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) supported on soft nitriding porous carbon (NPC) are fabricated and [...] Read more.

Simple and efficient synthesis of a nano-catalyst with an excellent catalytic property for hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of dimethyl amine-borane (DMAB) is a missing piece. Herein, effective and recycled palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) supported on soft nitriding porous carbon (NPC) are fabricated and applied for DMAB hydrolysis. It is discovered that the soft nitriding via a low-temperature urea-pretreatment induces abundant nitrogen-containing species on the NPC support, thus promoting the affinity of the Pd precursor and hindering the agglomeration of formed Pd NPs onto the NPC surface during the preparation process. Surface-clean Pd NPs with a diameter of sub-2.0 nm deposited on the NPC support (Pd/NPC) exhibit an outstanding catalytic performance with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 2758 h⁻¹ toward DMAB hydrolysis, better than many previous reported Pd-based catalysts. It should be emphasized that the Pd/NPC also possesses a good stability without an obvious decrease in catalytic activity for DMAB hydrolysis in five successive recycling runs. This study provides a facile but efficient way for preparing high-performance Pd catalysts for catalytic hydrogen productions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis of Nanocomposites and Catalysis Applications)

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11 pages, 3006 KB

Open AccessArticle

Nanosized Iron Oxide Uniformly Distributed on 3D Carbon Nanosheets: Efficient Adsorbent for Methylene Blue

by Jiaqin Chen, Mei Ming, Caili Xu, Jie Wu, Yi Wang, Ting Sun, Yun Zhang and Guangyin Fan

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(14), 2898; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9142898 - 19 Jul 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2850

Abstract

Magnetic carbon materials as adsorbents for dye removing have attracted increasing attention because of their magnetic separation feature. However, the immobilization of large magnetic particles on a carbon matrix greatly decreases the available sites for adsorption, resulting in a low adsorption capacity. The [...] Read more.

Magnetic carbon materials as adsorbents for dye removing have attracted increasing attention because of their magnetic separation feature. However, the immobilization of large magnetic particles on a carbon matrix greatly decreases the available sites for adsorption, resulting in a low adsorption capacity. The synthesis of magnetic carbon materials as adsorbents for dye adsorption with high adsorption capacity remains challenging. Herein, porous carbon (PC) was firstly synthesized through the calcination of macroporous acrylic type cation exchange resin. The as-prepared PC was applied as a matrix to deposit nano-sized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (MPC) via a facile one-pot solvothermal strategy. The nano-sized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (5.19 nm in diameter) are uniformly distributed on the PC surface. The MPC possesses an exceptional performance for methylene blue removal (q_e = 214.4 mg g⁻¹) at room temperature, outperforming most previous magnetic carbon adsorbents. The large surface area of the MPC originated from the combined advantages of PC and nano-sized Fe₃O₄ must be ascribed to the high performance of MPC composite toward methylene blue adsorption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nanotechnology and Applied Nanosciences)

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10 pages, 2317 KB

Open AccessArticle

In Situ Formation of AgCo Stabilized on Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Concomitant Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane to Hydrogen

by Qi Wang, Caili Xu, Mei Ming, Yingchun Yang, Bin Xu, Yi Wang, Yun Zhang, Jie Wu and Guangyin Fan

Nanomaterials 2018, 8(5), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8050280 - 26 Apr 2018

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5186

Abstract

The development of highly-efficient heterogeneous supported catalysts for catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane to yield hydrogen is of significant importance considering the versatile usages of hydrogen. Herein, we reported the in situ synthesis of AgCo bimetallic nanoparticles supported on g-C₃N₄ [...] Read more.

The development of highly-efficient heterogeneous supported catalysts for catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane to yield hydrogen is of significant importance considering the versatile usages of hydrogen. Herein, we reported the in situ synthesis of AgCo bimetallic nanoparticles supported on g-C₃N₄ and concomitant hydrolysis of ammonia borane for hydrogen evolution at room temperature. The as-synthesized Ag_0.1Co_0.9/g-C₃N₄ catalysts displayed the highest turnover frequency (TOF) value of 249.02 mol H₂·(mol_Ag·min)⁻¹ for hydrogen evolution from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane, which was higher than many other reported values. Furthermore, the Ag_0.1Co_0.9/g-C₃N₄ catalyst could be recycled during five consecutive runs. The study proves that Ag_0.1Co_0.9/g-C₃N₄ is a potential catalytic material toward the hydrolysis of ammonia borane for hydrogen production. Full article

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16 pages, 29226 KB

Open AccessArticle

UV Light-Assisted Synthesis of Highly Efficient Pd-Based Catalyst over NiO for Hydrogenation of o-Chloronitrobenzene

by Weidong Jiang, Bin Xu, Guangyin Fan, Kaiming Zhang, Zhen Xiang and Xiaoqiang Liu

Nanomaterials 2018, 8(4), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040240 - 14 Apr 2018

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6411

Abstract

Supported Pd-based catalyst over active nickel oxide (NiO) was repared using the impregnation method companying with UV-light irradiation. Moreover, the catalytic performance of the obtained Pd-based catalysts was evaluated towards the hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene (o-CNB). Observations indicate that the as-prepared [...] Read more.

Supported Pd-based catalyst over active nickel oxide (NiO) was repared using the impregnation method companying with UV-light irradiation. Moreover, the catalytic performance of the obtained Pd-based catalysts was evaluated towards the hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene (o-CNB). Observations indicate that the as-prepared UV-irradiated Pd/NiO catalyst with a mole fraction 0.2% (0.2%Pd/NiO) has higher activity and selectivity in the o-CNB hydrogenation. Especially, UV-light irradiation played a positive role in the improvement of catalytic activity of 0.2%Pd/NiO catalyst, exhibiting an excess 11-fold activity superiority in contrast with non-UV-irradiated 0.2%Pd/NiO catalyst. In addition, it was investigated that effects of varied factors (i.e., reaction time, temperature, o-CNB/Pd ratio, Pd loading, hydrogen pressure) on the selective hydrogenation of ο-CNB catalyzed by UV-irradiated 0.2%Pd/NiO catalyst. Under the reaction conditions of 60 °C, 0.5 h, 1 MPa H₂ pressure, 100% conversion of o-CNB, and 81.1% o-CAN selectivity were obtained, even at high molar ratio (8000:1) of o-CNB to Pd. Full article

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13 pages, 3337 KB

Open AccessArticle

Palladium Supported on Titanium Carbide: A Highly Efficient, Durable, and Recyclable Bifunctional Catalyst for the Transformation of 4-Chlorophenol and 4-Nitrophenol

by Guangyin Fan, Xiaojing Li, Caili Xu, Weidong Jiang, Yun Zhang, Daojiang Gao, Jian Bi and Yi Wang

Nanomaterials 2018, 8(3), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8030141 - 2 Mar 2018

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 6972

Abstract

Developing highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for the transformation of toxic organic contaminates still remains a challenge. Herein, Titanium Carbide (Ti₃C₂) MXene modified by alkali treatment process was selected as a support (designated as alk-Ti₃C₂X [...] Read more.

Developing highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for the transformation of toxic organic contaminates still remains a challenge. Herein, Titanium Carbide (Ti₃C₂) MXene modified by alkali treatment process was selected as a support (designated as alk-Ti₃C₂X₂, where X represents the surface terminations) for the synthesis of Pd/alk-Ti₃C₂X₂. Results show that the alkali treatment leads to the increase of surface area and surface oxygen-containing groups of Ti₃C₂X₂, thereby facilitating the dispersion and stabilization of Pd species on the surface of alk-Ti₃C₂X₂. The Pd/alk-Ti₃C₂X₂ catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity for the hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol and the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous solution at 25 °C and hydrogen balloon pressure. High initial reaction rates of 216.6 and 126.3 min⁻¹·

g_{pd}^{- 1}

are observed for the hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol and hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol, respectively. Most importantly, Pd/alk-Ti₃C₂X₂ exhibits excellent stability and recyclability in both reactions without any promoters. The superior property of Pd/alk-Ti₃C₂X₂ makes it as a potential material for practical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Nanoparticles - Their Synthesis and Catalytic Applications)

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12 pages, 12932 KB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Investigation of the Fracture Mechanism of Defective Graphene Sheets

by Na Fan, Zhenzhou Ren, Guangyin Jing, Jian Guo, Bei Peng and Hai Jiang

Materials 2017, 10(2), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10020164 - 11 Feb 2017

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 5638

Abstract

Despite the unique occurrences of structural defects in graphene synthesis, the fracture mechanism of a defective graphene sheet has not been fully understood due to the complexities of the defects. In this study, the fracture mechanism of the monolayer graphene with four common [...] Read more.

Despite the unique occurrences of structural defects in graphene synthesis, the fracture mechanism of a defective graphene sheet has not been fully understood due to the complexities of the defects. In this study, the fracture mechanism of the monolayer graphene with four common types of defects (single vacancy defect, divacancy defect, Stone–Wales defect and line vacancy defect) were investigated systematically for mechanical loading along armchair and zigzag directions, by using the finite element method. The results demonstrated that all four types of defects could cause significant fracture strength loss in graphene sheet compared with the pristine one. In addition, the results revealed that the stress concentration occurred at the carbon–carbon bonds along the same direction as the displacement loading due to the deficiency or twist of carbon–carbon bonds, resulting in the breaking of the initial crack point in the graphene sheet. The fracture of the graphene sheet was developed following the direction of the breaking of carbon–carbon bonds, which was opposite to that of the displacement loading. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Multiscale Modeling and Simulation in Materials Science)

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