ATM and ATR Expression Potentiates HBV Replication and Contributes to Reactivation of HBV Infection upon DNA Damage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. Chemicals
2.3. Isolation of Nucleic Acids
2.4. PCR Analysis
2.5. Knockdown of DDR Factors
2.6. ATM and ATR Overexpression
2.7. Immunocytochemistry
2.8. Quantification of HBsAg
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. DNA Damage Promotes HBV Replication
3.2. The Role of ATM and ATR in HBV Replication
3.3. Transcriptional Activation of ATM and ATR Promotes HBV Replication
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Agent | Number | Concentration (mM) |
H2O2 | 1 | 0.01 |
2 | 0.4 | |
3 | 2 | |
4 | 3 | |
5 | 4 | |
6 | 7 | |
7 | 8 | |
8 | 9 | |
Agent | Number | Concentration (μM) |
Doxorubicin | 1 | 0.1 |
2 | 0.2 | |
3 | 1.5 |
Target | Sequence | |
---|---|---|
GAPDH mRNA | fw | 5′-CCAGGTGGTCTCCTCTGACTT-3′ |
rev | 5′-GTTGCTGTAGCCAAATTCGTTGT-3′ | |
probe | FAM-AACAGCGACACCCACTCCTCCACC-BHQ1 | |
cссDNA | fw | 5′-CCGTGTGCACTTCGCTTCA-3′ |
rev | 5′-GCACAGCTTGGAGGCTTGA-3′ | |
probe | FAM-CATGGAGACCACCGTGAACGCCC-BHQ1 | |
pgRNA | fw | 5′-GGTCCCCTAGAAGAAGAACTCCCT-3′ [35] |
rev | 5′-CATTGAGATTCCCGAGATTGAGAT-3′ [35] | |
probe | FAM-TCTCAATCGCCGCGTCGCAGA-BHQ1 [35] | |
S-RNA | fw | 5′-TCCTCCAAСTTGTCCTGGTTATC-3′ [35] |
rev | 5′-AGATGAGGCATAGCAGCAGGAT-3′ [35] | |
probe | FAM-ATGATAAAACGCCGCAGACACATCCAGC-BHQ1 [35] | |
HBV DNA and β-globin | АmpliSens® HBV monitor (CRIE) | |
ATM mRNA | fw | 5′-AGTTTCATCTTCCGGCCTCT-3′ |
rev | 5′-GCTGTGAGAAAACCATGGAAG-3′ | |
ATR mRNA | fw | 5′-AACATTCGTGGCATTGACTG-3′ |
rev | 5′-AAGCAAGGTGATCTCATCCG-3′ | |
PRKDC mRNA | fw | 5′-CTTACATGCTAATGTATAAGGGCG-3′ |
rev | 5′-CAGCAGGCACTTTACTTTCTC-3′ | |
MRE11A mRNA | fw | 5′-TCAGTTAGGTGGGTCTGGGT-3′ |
rev | 5′-AGCGGTGAACTGAATCGCAT-3′ | |
RAD51 mRNA | fw | 5′-TCACGGTTAGAGCAGTGTG-3′ |
rev | 5′-AACAGCCTCCACAGTATGG-3′ |
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Share and Cite
Kostyusheva, A.; Brezgin, S.; Bayurova, E.; Gordeychuk, I.; Isaguliants, M.; Goptar, I.; Urusov, F.; Nikiforova, A.; Volchkova, E.; Kostyushev, D.; et al. ATM and ATR Expression Potentiates HBV Replication and Contributes to Reactivation of HBV Infection upon DNA Damage. Viruses 2019, 11, 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11110997
Kostyusheva A, Brezgin S, Bayurova E, Gordeychuk I, Isaguliants M, Goptar I, Urusov F, Nikiforova A, Volchkova E, Kostyushev D, et al. ATM and ATR Expression Potentiates HBV Replication and Contributes to Reactivation of HBV Infection upon DNA Damage. Viruses. 2019; 11(11):997. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11110997
Chicago/Turabian StyleKostyusheva, Anastasiya, Sergey Brezgin, Ekaterina Bayurova, Ilya Gordeychuk, Maria Isaguliants, Irina Goptar, Felix Urusov, Anastasiya Nikiforova, Elena Volchkova, Dmitry Kostyushev, and et al. 2019. "ATM and ATR Expression Potentiates HBV Replication and Contributes to Reactivation of HBV Infection upon DNA Damage" Viruses 11, no. 11: 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11110997