A Method for the Prediction of Clinical Outcome Using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Application on Parkinson’s Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Imaging
2.2.1. Image Post-Processing
2.2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Changes over the Study Period
3.2. Summary of Regression Analysis
3.3. Prediction of the Clinical Outcome
4. Discussion
4.1. Major Findings and Clinical Impacts
4.2. Prediction of Motor Function
4.3. Prediction of Non-Motor Functions
4.4. Study Limitation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Entire cohort (n = 82) | ||
---|---|---|
Sex (Male/Female) | 45/37 | |
Age, years | 60.9 (7.3) | |
Disease duration, years | 6.4 (5.4) | |
BMI | 23.9 (3.2) | |
Education | 10.4 (4.3) | |
Baseline | Follow-up | |
LEDD | 686.8 (349.2) | 821.0 (395.2) † |
UPDRS | 27.6 (16.4) | 33.7 (19.2) † |
I | 1.6 (1.9) | 1.8 (1.7) |
II | 7.1 (4.9) | 10.5 (6.6) † |
III | 17.3 (10.7) | 19.8 (11.7) † |
IV | 1.6 (2.1) | 1.6 (2.2) |
MHY | 1.9 (0.8) | 2.2 (1.0) † |
1 | 31 | 23 |
1.5 | 9 | 6 |
2 | 9 | 16 |
2.5 | 18 | 10 |
3 | 15 | 19 |
4 | 0 | 6 |
5 | 0 | 2 |
ADL | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.1) † |
PDQ39SI | 22.7 (18.8) | 33.9 (24.5) † |
SF36SI | 100.5 (6.2) | 95.9 (7.9) † |
FA | MD | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
90th Percentile | 50th Percentile | 10th Percentile | 90th Percentile | 50th Percentile | 10th Percentile | |||||||
Brain Region | Baseline | Follow-Up | Baseline | Follow-Up | Baseline | Follow-Up | Baseline | Follow-Up | Baseline | Follow-Up | Baseline | Follow-Up |
Precentral L | 0.71 ± 0.05 | 0.70 ± 0.05 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.30 ± 0.04 ** | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.60 ± 0.14 | 1.71 ± 0.12 ** | 0.71 ± 0.04 | 0.74 ± 0.03 ** | 0.37 ± 0.06 | 0.36 ± 0.05 |
Precentral R | 0.67 ± 0.05 | 0.67 ± 0.05 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.04 ** | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 1.74 ± 0.15 | 1.83 ± 0.11 ** | 0.76 ± 0.04 | 0.80 ± 0.04 ** | 0.40 ± 0.05 | 0.38 ± 0.04 ** |
SuperiorFrontal L | 0.64 ± 0.06 | 0.61 ± 0.06 ** | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.04 ** | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 1.58 ± 0.18 | 1.73 ± 0.12 ** | 0.73 ± 0.04 | 0.77 ± 0.05 ** | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.42 ± 0.04 |
SuperiorFrontal R | 0.60 ± 0.05 | 0.59 ± 0.05 | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.04 ** | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 1.58 ± 0.19 | 1.71 ± 0.11 ** | 0.76 ± 0.04 | 0.78 ± 0.04 ** | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 0.43 ± 0.04 |
SuperiorFrontal, Orbital L | 0.58 ± 0.15 | 0.55 ± 0.09 | 0.27 ± 0.11 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.50 ± 0.29 | 1.67 ± 0.24 ** | 0.76 ± 0.11 | 0.83 ± 0.07 ** | 0.45 ± 0.08 | 0.43 ± 0.08 |
SuperiorFrontal, Orbital R | 0.53 ± 0.16 | 0.51 ± 0.09 | 0.26 ± 0.09 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.50 ± 0.23 | 1.66 ± 0.22 ** | 0.79 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.06 ** | 0.47 ± 0.12 | 0.47 ± 0.08 |
MiddleFrontal L | 0.59 ± 0.05 | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.23 ± 0.04 ** | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.57 ± 0.16 | 1.74 ± 0.11 ** | 0.76 ± 0.04 | 0.80 ± 0.04 ** | 0.44 ± 0.04 | 0.43 ± 0.04 |
MiddleFrontal R | 0.55 ± 0.04 | 0.54 ± 0.05 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.58 ± 0.16 | 1.73 ± 0.13 ** | 0.80 ± 0.04 | 0.83 ± 0.05 ** | 0.48 ± 0.04 | 0.47 ± 0.04 |
MiddleFrontal, Orbital L | 0.58 ± 0.14 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.27 ± 0.06 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 1.44 ± 0.41 | 1.46 ± 0.20 | 0.79 ± 0.21 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.44 ± 0.09 | 0.46 ± 0.05 |
MiddleFrontal, Orbital R | 0.51 ± 0.15 | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.51 ± 0.43 | 1.56 ± 0.21 | 0.88 ± 0.30 | 0.87 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.13 | 0.52 ± 0.06 |
InferiorFrontal, Opercular L | 0.59 ± 0.08 | 0.62 ± 0.07 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.83 ± 0.43 | 1.74 ± 0.16 | 0.88 ± 0.33 | 0.80 ± 0.06 | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 0.43 ± 0.06 |
InferiorFrontal, Opercular R | 0.53 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.07 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.78 ± 0.39 | 1.72 ± 0.17 | 0.88 ± 0.13 | 0.85 ± 0.07 | 0.50 ± 0.05 | 0.48 ± 0.05 |
InferiorFrontal, Triangular L | 0.59 ± 0.08 | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.72 ± 0.30 | 1.73 ± 0.14 | 0.80 ± 0.07 | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.43 ± 0.07 | 0.44 ± 0.04 |
InferiorFrontal, Triangular R | 0.58 ± 0.10 | 0.55 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.71 ± 0.28 | 1.74 ± 0.15 | 0.82 ± 0.10 | 0.83 ± 0.04 | 0.44 ± 0.09 | 0.46 ± 0.05 |
InferiorFrontal, Orbital L | 0.57 ± 0.13 | 0.56 ± 0.08 | 0.27 ± 0.08 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.57 ± 0.29 | 1.59 ± 0.15 | 0.79 ± 0.10 | 0.82 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.44 ± 0.08 |
InferiorFrontal, Orbital R | 0.55 ± 0.14 | 0.56 ± 0.10 | 0.25 ± 0.08 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 1.64 ± 0.29 | 1.68 ± 0.18 | 0.84 ± 0.10 | 0.85 ± 0.05 | 0.45 ± 0.12 | 0.43 ± 0.10 |
RolandicOperculum L | 0.58 ± 0.08 | 0.61 ± 0.08 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.05 ** | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.82 ± 0.39 | 1.61 ± 0.23 ** | 0.88 ± 0.26 | 0.77 ± 0.07 | 0.42 ± 0.06 | 0.40 ± 0.06 |
RolandicOperculum R | 0.53 ± 0.07 | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.76 ± 0.41 | 1.57 ± 0.24 ** | 0.84 ± 0.10 | 0.79 ± 0.06 ** | 0.45 ± 0.05 | 0.44 ± 0.05 |
SupplementaryMotorArea L | 0.61 ± 0.08 | 0.60 ± 0.07 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 1.72 ± 0.24 | 1.66 ± 0.16 | 0.80 ± 0.06 | 0.79 ± 0.05 | 0.43 ± 0.06 | 0.40 ± 0.07 ** |
SupplementaryMotorArea R | 0.62 ± 0.07 | 0.62 ± 0.05 | 0.30 ± 0.03 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.58 ± 0.23 | 1.57 ± 0.15 | 0.76 ± 0.04 | 0.77 ± 0.03 | 0.43 ± 0.06 | 0.41 ± 0.05 ** |
Olfactory L | 0.49 ± 0.17 | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.27 ± 0.12 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.37 ± 0.33 | 1.39 ± 0.26 | 0.79 ± 0.15 | 0.83 ± 0.07 | 0.52 ± 0.14 | 0.55 ± 0.07 |
Olfactory R | 0.52 ± 0.17 | 0.50 ± 0.10 | 0.29 ± 0.09 | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.14 ± 0.04 | 1.17 ± 0.29 | 1.18 ± 0.22 | 0.77 ± 0.12 | 0.79 ± 0.07 | 0.51 ± 0.13 | 0.53 ± 0.07 |
SuperiorFrontal, Medial L | 0.50 ± 0.08 | 0.50 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.87 ± 0.25 | 1.86 ± 0.14 | 0.85 ± 0.09 | 0.83 ± 0.04 | 0.46 ± 0.08 | 0.46 ± 0.04 |
SuperiorFrontal, Medial R | 0.51 ± 0.07 | 0.51 ± 0.06 | 0.24 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.65 ± 0.20 | 1.78 ± 0.18 ** | 0.80 ± 0.04 | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 0.46 ± 0.07 | 0.46 ± 0.05 |
SuperiorFrontal, MedialOrbital L | 0.48 ± 0.14 | 0.44 ± 0.07 | 0.22 ± 0.10 | 0.19 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.75 ± 0.32 | 1.91 ± 0.26 ** | 0.85 ± 0.13 | 0.90 ± 0.08 | 0.50 ± 0.08 | 0.51 ± 0.06 |
SuperiorFrontal, MedialOrbital R | 0.51 ± 0.14 | 0.47 ± 0.06 | 0.24 ± 0.08 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 1.51 ± 0.26 | 1.63 ± 0.26 ** | 0.79 ± 0.10 | 0.83 ± 0.06 | 0.50 ± 0.07 | 0.51 ± 0.05 |
Rectus L | 0.60 ± 0.15 | 0.54 ± 0.08 | 0.29 ± 0.09 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 1.50 ± 0.26 | 1.65 ± 0.25 ** | 0.76 ± 0.10 | 0.83 ± 0.07 ** | 0.42 ± 0.09 | 0.43 ± 0.06 |
Rectus R | 0.59 ± 0.14 | 0.54 ± 0.07 | 0.29 ± 0.08 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.28 ± 0.26 | 1.45 ± 0.30 ** | 0.76 ± 0.09 | 0.80 ± 0.06 ** | 0.43 ± 0.10 | 0.44 ± 0.06 |
Insula L | 0.49 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.24 ± 0.02 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 1.69 ± 0.43 | 1.73 ± 0.21 | 0.84 ± 0.08 | 0.87 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.04 | 0.49 ± 0.04 |
Insula R | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 0.43 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.90 ± 0.34 | 1.97 ± 0.19 | 0.95 ± 0.13 | 1.04 ± 0.12 ** | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.04 |
Cingulum, Anterior L | 0.50 ± 0.10 | 0.43 ± 0.06 ** | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.72 ± 0.30 | 1.76 ± 0.19 | 0.87 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.06 | 0.52 ± 0.08 | 0.54 ± 0.04 |
Cingulum, Anterior R | 0.50 ± 0.07 | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 1.44 ± 0.33 | 1.39 ± 0.24 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.53 ± 0.05 | 0.53 ± 0.04 |
Cingulum, Middle L | 0.68 ± 0.08 | 0.60 ± 0.07 ** | 0.27 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 1.62 ± 0.41 | 1.65 ± 0.19 | 0.91 ± 0.46 | 0.83 ± 0.05 | 0.46 ± 0.09 | 0.46 ± 0.04 |
Cingulum, Middle R | 0.69 ± 0.08 | 0.60 ± 0.06 ** | 0.29 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.48 ± 0.46 | 1.53 ± 0.19 | 0.88 ± 0.45 | 0.79 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.45 ± 0.04 |
Cingulum, Posterior L | 0.83 ± 0.08 | 0.77 ± 0.09 ** | 0.37 ± 0.08 | 0.33 ± 0.06 | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.05 | 1.46 ± 0.38 | 1.38 ± 0.24 | 0.77 ± 0.17 | 0.75 ± 0.06 | 0.40 ± 0.07 | 0.43 ± 0.06 |
Cingulum, Posterior R | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 0.90 ± 0.08 | 0.50 ± 0.13 | 0.47 ± 0.09 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 1.31 ± 0.46 | 1.19 ± 0.21 | 0.74 ± 0.28 | 0.66 ± 0.06 | 0.35 ± 0.07 | 0.35 ± 0.07 |
Hippocampus L | 0.49 ± 0.09 | 0.47 ± 0.06 | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.14 ± 0.04 | 1.77 ± 0.26 | 1.84 ± 0.27 | 0.99 ± 0.14 | 1.00 ± 0.17 | 0.55 ± 0.10 | 0.56 ± 0.05 |
Hippocampus R | 0.50 ± 0.10 | 0.48 ± 0.07 | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.04 | 1.79 ± 0.24 | 1.88 ± 0.24 ** | 0.99 ± 0.17 | 1.02 ± 0.15 | 0.54 ± 0.11 | 0.56 ± 0.06 |
ParaHippocampus L | 0.71 ± 0.10 | 0.68 ± 0.07 | 0.33 ± 0.03 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 1.62 ± 0.31 | 1.60 ± 0.21 | 0.75 ± 0.09 | 0.74 ± 0.05 | 0.35 ± 0.08 | 0.37 ± 0.06 |
ParaHippocampus R | 0.70 ± 0.11 | 0.68 ± 0.07 | 0.33 ± 0.05 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.04 | 1.39 ± 0.29 | 1.30 ± 0.21 | 0.72 ± 0.09 | 0.71 ± 0.05 | 0.36 ± 0.08 | 0.36 ± 0.06 |
Amygdala L | 0.51 ± 0.08 | 0.53 ± 0.09 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.30 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 1.66 ± 0.30 | 1.67 ± 0.29 | 0.80 ± 0.12 | 0.78 ± 0.07 | 0.48 ± 0.08 | 0.47 ± 0.08 |
Amygdala R | 0.54 ± 0.08 | 0.54 ± 0.08 | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 0.31 ± 0.05 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.04 | 1.47 ± 0.24 | 1.49 ± 0.31 | 0.77 ± 0.05 | 0.76 ± 0.06 | 0.47 ± 0.07 | 0.47 ± 0.08 |
Calcarine L | 0.49 ± 0.07 | 0.50 ± 0.06 | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 1.75 ± 0.17 | 1.80 ± 0.17 | 0.92 ± 0.08 | 0.94 ± 0.09 | 0.50 ± 0.06 | 0.51 ± 0.05 |
Calcarine R | 0.57 ± 0.07 | 0.57 ± 0.06 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.60 ± 0.19 | 1.64 ± 0.20 | 0.83 ± 0.06 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.06 | 0.49 ± 0.04 |
Cuneus L | 0.49 ± 0.05 | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 1.76 ± 0.17 | 1.78 ± 0.16 | 0.91 ± 0.08 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 0.51 ± 0.04 |
Cuneus R | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 1.60 ± 0.20 | 1.65 ± 0.20 | 0.80 ± 0.06 | 0.81 ± 0.06 | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.47 ± 0.04 |
Lingual L | 0.54 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.45 ± 0.23 | 1.51 ± 0.20 | 0.80 ± 0.09 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.46 ± 0.04 |
Lingual R | 0.61 ± 0.08 | 0.63 ± 0.06 | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 1.39 ± 0.28 | 1.48 ± 0.22 | 0.77 ± 0.12 | 0.77 ± 0.05 | 0.42 ± 0.07 | 0.39 ± 0.06 |
SuperiorOccipital L | 0.58 ± 0.06 | 0.56 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.05 ** | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 1.54 ± 0.20 | 1.70 ± 0.21 ** | 0.78 ± 0.05 | 0.83 ± 0.05 ** | 0.48 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.05 |
SuperiorOccipital R | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 0.60 ± 0.06 | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.05 ** | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 1.54 ± 0.21 | 1.70 ± 0.20 ** | 0.77 ± 0.04 | 0.83 ± 0.06 ** | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.46 ± 0.05 |
MiddleOccipital L | 0.53 ± 0.05 | 0.47 ± 0.04 ** | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.20 ± 0.04 ** | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 1.38 ± 0.19 | 1.54 ± 0.19 ** | 0.78 ± 0.04 | 0.83 ± 0.05 ** | 0.53 ± 0.04 | 0.55 ± 0.03 ** |
MiddleOccipital R | 0.51 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.05 ** | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.04 ** | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 1.43 ± 0.20 | 1.58 ± 0.20 ** | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.86 ± 0.06 ** | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.04 |
InferiorOccipital L | 0.50 ± 0.06 | 0.47 ± 0.05 ** | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.23 ± 0.04 ** | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.20 ± 0.29 | 1.37 ± 0.20 ** | 0.78 ± 0.13 | 0.80 ± 0.04 | 0.54 ± 0.07 | 0.55 ± 0.04 |
InferiorOccipital R | 0.51 ± 0.09 | 0.50 ± 0.09 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 1.31 ± 0.26 | 1.45 ± 0.20 ** | 0.78 ± 0.09 | 0.83 ± 0.08 | 0.50 ± 0.09 | 0.49 ± 0.07 |
Fusiform L | 0.57 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.05 | 0.29 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 1.24 ± 0.29 | 1.32 ± 0.18 | 0.76 ± 0.05 | 0.77 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 0.46 ± 0.05 |
Fusiform R | 0.65 ± 0.08 | 0.63 ± 0.06 | 0.32 ± 0.04 | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 1.17 ± 0.31 | 1.25 ± 0.20 | 0.71 ± 0.06 | 0.73 ± 0.05 | 0.37 ± 0.09 | 0.39 ± 0.05 |
Postcentral L | 0.67 ± 0.05 | 0.65 ± 0.05 ** | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.25 ± 0.04 ** | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.76 ± 0.17 | 1.81 ± 0.13 | 0.79 ± 0.04 | 0.83 ± 0.04 ** | 0.39 ± 0.05 | 0.38 ± 0.05 |
Postcentral R | 0.64 ± 0.05 | 0.61 ± 0.05 ** | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.05 ** | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 1.77 ± 0.15 | 1.83 ± 0.13 | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 0.88 ± 0.06 ** | 0.42 ± 0.05 | 0.41 ± 0.05 |
SuperiorParietal L | 0.59 ± 0.06 | 0.53 ± 0.05 ** | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.20 ± 0.04 ** | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 1.69 ± 0.19 | 1.83 ± 0.13 ** | 0.81 ± 0.04 | 0.88 ± 0.05 ** | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.47 ± 0.05 |
SuperiorParietal R | 0.57 ± 0.07 | 0.52 ± 0.07 ** | 0.22 ± 0.06 | 0.19 ± 0.05 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 1.81 ± 0.17 | 1.82 ± 0.12 | 0.86 ± 0.08 | 0.90 ± 0.06 ** | 0.46 ± 0.05 | 0.46 ± 0.07 |
InferiorParietal L | 0.56 ± 0.05 | 0.53 ± 0.05 ** | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.20 ± 0.04 ** | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 1.64 ± 0.19 | 1.77 ± 0.15 ** | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.87 ± 0.04 ** | 0.48 ± 0.04 | 0.47 ± 0.05 |
InferiorParietal R | 0.54 ± 0.07 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 1.68 ± 0.20 | 1.79 ± 0.17 ** | 0.85 ± 0.08 | 0.91 ± 0.09 ** | 0.48 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.06 |
SupraMarginal L | 0.54 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.59 ± 0.31 | 1.66 ± 0.20 | 0.82 ± 0.08 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.48 ± 0.05 |
SupraMarginal R | 0.51 ± 0.06 | 0.50 ± 0.05 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 1.69 ± 0.24 | 1.74 ± 0.14 | 0.84 ± 0.05 | 0.87 ± 0.05 ** | 0.48 ± 0.06 | 0.49 ± 0.05 |
Angular L | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 0.48 ± 0.05 ** | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.20 ± 0.04 ** | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 1.45 ± 0.20 | 1.62 ± 0.18 ** | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.85 ± 0.06 ** | 0.56 ± 0.04 | 0.56 ± 0.04 |
Angular R | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.50 ± 0.06 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 1.51 ± 0.19 | 1.64 ± 0.15 ** | 0.82 ± 0.06 | 0.87 ± 0.05 ** | 0.53 ± 0.05 | 0.53 ± 0.06 |
Precuneus L | 0.50 ± 0.06 | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 1.74 ± 0.17 | 1.71 ± 0.16 | 0.87 ± 0.04 | 0.86 ± 0.04 | 0.50 ± 0.05 | 0.49 ± 0.05 |
Precuneus R | 0.57 ± 0.07 | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 1.65 ± 0.18 | 1.69 ± 0.15 | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 0.83 ± 0.04 | 0.46 ± 0.05 | 0.46 ± 0.04 |
Paracentralobule L | 0.65 ± 0.07 | 0.65 ± 0.07 | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 1.63 ± 0.21 | 1.70 ± 0.19 | 0.74 ± 0.04 | 0.76 ± 0.04 | 0.40 ± 0.07 | 0.37 ± 0.07 |
Paracentralobule R | 0.60 ± 0.08 | 0.59 ± 0.08 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.70 ± 0.25 | 1.74 ± 0.21 | 0.79 ± 0.08 | 0.81 ± 0.08 | 0.39 ± 0.08 | 0.37 ± 0.08 |
Caudate L | 0.66 ± 0.10 | 0.58 ± 0.10 ** | 0.29 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.06 ** | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 1.90 ± 0.42 | 2.17 ± 0.37 ** | 0.81 ± 0.14 | 0.96 ± 0.25 ** | 0.36 ± 0.08 | 0.42 ± 0.11 ** |
Caudate R | 0.62 ± 0.10 | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.06 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.05 | 1.66 ± 0.44 | 1.82 ± 0.49 | 0.75 ± 0.08 | 0.84 ± 0.22 ** | 0.37 ± 0.09 | 0.41 ± 0.10 |
Putamen L | 0.83 ± 0.09 | 0.82 ± 0.09 | 0.46 ± 0.08 | 0.48 ± 0.06 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.96 ± 0.40 | 0.86 ± 0.10 | 0.58 ± 0.09 | 0.57 ± 0.08 | 0.22 ± 0.09 | 0.24 ± 0.09 |
Putamen R | 0.76 ± 0.08 | 0.75 ± 0.07 | 0.43 ± 0.06 | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 1.00 ± 0.36 | 0.89 ± 0.08 | 0.64 ± 0.08 | 0.63 ± 0.06 | 0.29 ± 0.09 | 0.31 ± 0.08 |
Pallidum L | 0.94 ± 0.15 | 0.98 ± 0.06 | 0.65 ± 0.16 | 0.68 ± 0.08 | 0.33 ± 0.09 | 0.36 ± 0.06 | 0.95 ± 0.56 | 0.79 ± 0.12 | 0.47 ± 0.29 | 0.40 ± 0.12 | 0.13 ± 0.17 | 0.08 ± 0.09 |
Pallidum R | 0.92 ± 0.15 | 0.96 ± 0.07 | 0.60 ± 0.15 | 0.63 ± 0.09 | 0.31 ± 0.08 | 0.32 ± 0.06 | 0.99 ± 0.48 | 0.84 ± 0.13 | 0.50 ± 0.21 | 0.45 ± 0.11 | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.09 ± 0.07 |
Thalamus L | 0.83 ± 0.06 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.46 ± 0.05 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 1.14 ± 0.51 | 1.27 ± 0.36 | 0.59 ± 0.08 | 0.61 ± 0.05 | 0.24 ± 0.06 | 0.27 ± 0.05 |
Thalamus R | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 1.07 ± 0.48 | 1.14 ± 0.33 | 0.60 ± 0.10 | 0.60 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.05 |
Heschl L | 0.63 ± 0.12 | 0.61 ± 0.13 | 0.28 ± 0.08 | 0.26 ± 0.08 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 1.81 ± 0.33 | 1.93 ± 0.28 | 0.92 ± 0.22 | 1.00 ± 0.29 | 0.38 ± 0.12 | 0.37 ± 0.12 |
Heschl R | 0.64 ± 0.14 | 0.66 ± 0.12 | 0.28 ± 0.09 | 0.28 ± 0.08 | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 1.76 ± 0.40 | 1.87 ± 0.38 | 0.89 ± 0.25 | 0.87 ± 0.27 | 0.33 ± 0.11 | 0.32 ± 0.12 |
SuperiorTemporal L | 0.64 ± 0.06 | 0.62 ± 0.05 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 1.67 ± 0.19 | 1.77 ± 0.16 ** | 0.78 ± 0.06 | 0.79 ± 0.05 | 0.37 ± 0.05 | 0.37 ± 0.04 |
SuperiorTemporal R | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 0.61 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 1.55 ± 0.15 | 1.63 ± 0.15 ** | 0.75 ± 0.04 | 0.77 ± 0.04 ** | 0.40 ± 0.05 | 0.41 ± 0.04 |
SuperiorTemporalPole L | 0.46 ± 0.11 | 0.44 ± 0.06 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.99 ± 0.27 | 2.03 ± 0.19 | 0.93 ± 0.15 | 0.91 ± 0.08 | 0.48 ± 0.09 | 0.50 ± 0.06 |
SuperiorTemporalPole R | 0.46 ± 0.11 | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.23 ± 0.06 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 1.75 ± 0.23 | 1.77 ± 0.18 | 0.84 ± 0.09 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.49 ± 0.06 | 0.49 ± 0.06 |
MiddleTemporal L | 0.57 ± 0.06 | 0.54 ± 0.04 ** | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.40 ± 0.18 | 1.52 ± 0.16 ** | 0.77 ± 0.04 | 0.80 ± 0.04 ** | 0.44 ± 0.06 | 0.46 ± 0.04 |
MiddleTemporal R | 0.52 ± 0.08 | 0.50 ± 0.06 | 0.22 ± 0.02 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 1.42 ± 0.17 | 1.52 ± 0.16 ** | 0.79 ± 0.05 | 0.82 ± 0.05 ** | 0.46 ± 0.09 | 0.48 ± 0.05 |
MiddleTemporalPole L | 0.52 ± 0.14 | 0.47 ± 0.06 | 0.27 ± 0.10 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.05 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.40 ± 0.29 | 1.44 ± 0.24 | 0.78 ± 0.13 | 0.81 ± 0.06 | 0.49 ± 0.09 | 0.51 ± 0.06 |
MiddleTemporalPole R | 0.56 ± 0.13 | 0.49 ± 0.08 | 0.29 ± 0.10 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 1.28 ± 0.21 | 1.36 ± 0.21 | 0.75 ± 0.11 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.47 ± 0.10 | 0.50 ± 0.07 |
InferiorTemporal L | 0.68 ± 0.11 | 0.61 ± 0.05 ** | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.04 ** | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 1.17 ± 0.25 | 1.26 ± 0.18 ** | 0.71 ± 0.06 | 0.75 ± 0.04 ** | 0.39 ± 0.08 | 0.42 ± 0.04 |
InferiorTemporal R | 0.62 ± 0.13 | 0.57 ± 0.06 | 0.28 ± 0.06 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.27 ± 0.28 | 1.37 ± 0.17 | 0.73 ± 0.09 | 0.78 ± 0.04 ** | 0.43 ± 0.06 | 0.44 ± 0.04 |
SupeiorSemilunar L | 0.36 ± 0.06 | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 1.80 ± 0.22 | 1.73 ± 0.18 | 0.97 ± 0.09 | 0.90 ± 0.11 ** | 0.57 ± 0.07 | 0.57 ± 0.05 |
SupeiorSemilunar R | 0.45 ± 0.11 | 0.41 ± 0.09 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 1.78 ± 0.25 | 1.67 ± 0.21 | 0.92 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.13 | 0.49 ± 0.10 | 0.54 ± 0.12 |
InfeiorSemilunar L | 0.39 ± 0.12 | 0.37 ± 0.10 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.06 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.63 ± 0.24 | 1.58 ± 0.30 | 0.84 ± 0.07 | 0.91 ± 0.24 | 0.54 ± 0.10 | 0.60 ± 0.17 |
InfeiorSemilunar R | 0.42 ± 0.11 | 0.37 ± 0.12 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.67 ± 0.26 | 1.63 ± 0.37 | 0.86 ± 0.23 | 1.00 ± 0.39 | 0.50 ± 0.11 | 0.64 ± 0.38 |
Alae L | 0.51 ± 0.18 | 0.47 ± 0.13 | 0.25 ± 0.10 | 0.23 ± 0.06 | 0.14 ± 0.05 | 0.13 ± 0.05 | 2.17 ± 0.43 | 2.14 ± 0.24 | 1.19 ± 0.35 | 1.31 ± 0.31 | 0.51 ± 0.18 | 0.60 ± 0.22 |
Alae R | 0.55 ± 0.18 | 0.56 ± 0.14 | 0.28 ± 0.10 | 0.27 ± 0.06 | 0.15 ± 0.06 | 0.14 ± 0.04 | 2.02 ± 0.42 | 2.02 ± 0.28 | 1.02 ± 0.32 | 1.08 ± 0.29 | 0.43 ± 0.16 | 0.43 ± 0.14 |
Quadrangular L | 0.50 ± 0.14 | 0.50 ± 0.07 | 0.27 ± 0.09 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 1.68 ± 0.25 | 1.58 ± 0.24 | 0.85 ± 0.12 | 0.80 ± 0.08 | 0.47 ± 0.09 | 0.45 ± 0.06 |
Quadrangular R | 0.51 ± 0.16 | 0.51 ± 0.08 | 0.28 ± 0.10 | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 1.79 ± 0.25 | 1.64 ± 0.25 ** | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 0.83 ± 0.09 | 0.47 ± 0.10 | 0.45 ± 0.07 |
LobulusSimplex L | 0.39 ± 0.09 | 0.38 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 1.60 ± 0.22 | 1.53 ± 0.20 | 0.89 ± 0.10 | 0.83 ± 0.07 | 0.55 ± 0.07 | 0.54 ± 0.04 |
LobulusSimplex R | 0.44 ± 0.11 | 0.43 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 1.53 ± 0.20 | 1.39 ± 0.19 ** | 0.84 ± 0.10 | 0.78 ± 0.06 ** | 0.51 ± 0.08 | 0.50 ± 0.05 |
Biventral L | 0.51 ± 0.11 | 0.39 ± 0.12 ** | 0.29 ± 0.07 | 0.23 ± 0.07 ** | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 0.14 ± 0.05 | 1.08 ± 0.48 | 1.48 ± 0.51 ** | 0.70 ± 0.11 | 0.96 ± 0.38 ** | 0.49 ± 0.10 | 0.65 ± 0.33 |
Biventral R | 0.54 ± 0.13 | 0.41 ± 0.15 ** | 0.29 ± 0.06 | 0.24 ± 0.07 ** | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.05 | 1.13 ± 0.47 | 1.47 ± 0.47 ** | 0.73 ± 0.19 | 0.95 ± 0.37 ** | 0.47 ± 0.12 | 0.63 ± 0.32 |
Biventral L | 0.66 ± 0.11 | 0.52 ± 0.13 ** | 0.38 ± 0.06 | 0.28 ± 0.07 ** | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 1.08 ± 0.38 | 1.32 ± 0.43 | 0.64 ± 0.07 | 0.81 ± 0.29 ** | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 0.51 ± 0.21 |
Biventral R | 0.72 ± 0.12 | 0.62 ± 0.16 | 0.41 ± 0.07 | 0.34 ± 0.09 ** | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 0.18 ± 0.06 | 0.92 ± 0.27 | 1.12 ± 0.34 | 0.61 ± 0.09 | 0.71 ± 0.24 | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.43 ± 0.23 |
Tonsil L | 0.76 ± 0.11 | 0.64 ± 0.13 ** | 0.39 ± 0.07 | 0.31 ± 0.07 ** | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 1.52 ± 0.33 | 1.74 ± 0.30 ** | 0.69 ± 0.15 | 0.83 ± 0.23 ** | 0.32 ± 0.09 | 0.40 ± 0.17 |
Tonsil R | 0.76 ± 0.12 | 0.66 ± 0.14 ** | 0.40 ± 0.06 | 0.33 ± 0.07 ** | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 1.41 ± 0.24 | 1.64 ± 0.31 ** | 0.66 ± 0.10 | 0.80 ± 0.22 ** | 0.31 ± 0.12 | 0.36 ± 0.16 |
Flocculus L | 0.86 ± 0.19 | 0.60 ± 0.20 ** | 0.58 ± 0.17 | 0.29 ± 0.09 ** | 0.23 ± 0.10 | 0.14 ± 0.05 ** | 1.54 ± 0.50 | 2.00 ± 0.39 ** | 0.69 ± 0.27 | 1.08 ± 0.35 ** | 0.35 ± 0.22 | 0.47 ± 0.28 |
Flocculus R | 0.84 ± 0.16 | 0.57 ± 0.20 ** | 0.53 ± 0.18 | 0.25 ± 0.10 ** | 0.20 ± 0.12 | 0.13 ± 0.05 ** | 1.67 ± 0.51 | 2.02 ± 0.43 ** | 0.75 ± 0.28 | 1.15 ± 0.30 ** | 0.40 ± 0.23 | 0.51 ± 0.21 |
Lingula | 0.44 ± 0.17 | 0.47 ± 0.15 | 0.23 ± 0.08 | 0.26 ± 0.08 | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 0.15 ± 0.07 | 1.92 ± 0.46 | 1.90 ± 0.32 | 1.25 ± 0.40 | 1.25 ± 0.36 | 0.75 ± 0.35 | 0.75 ± 0.31 |
CentralLobule | 0.49 ± 0.13 | 0.50 ± 0.11 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 2.16 ± 0.26 | 2.07 ± 0.15 | 1.22 ± 0.38 | 1.11 ± 0.19 | 0.50 ± 0.12 | 0.49 ± 0.12 |
Culmen | 0.43 ± 0.11 | 0.44 ± 0.07 | 0.22 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.05 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.85 ± 0.27 | 1.79 ± 0.17 | 0.99 ± 0.14 | 0.95 ± 0.09 | 0.55 ± 0.10 | 0.54 ± 0.07 |
Declive | 0.38 ± 0.09 | 0.35 ± 0.07 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.05 | 2.05 ± 0.28 | 1.89 ± 0.16 ** | 1.20 ± 0.20 | 1.11 ± 0.13 | 0.62 ± 0.11 | 0.63 ± 0.08 |
FoliumTuber | 0.33 ± 0.07 | 0.41 ± 0.07 ** | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.05 ** | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 1.75 ± 0.29 | 1.55 ± 0.29 ** | 1.07 ± 0.21 | 0.86 ± 0.11 ** | 0.67 ± 0.13 | 0.57 ± 0.09 ** |
Pyramid | 0.49 ± 0.09 | 0.54 ± 0.10 | 0.27 ± 0.04 | 0.30 ± 0.06 ** | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 1.22 ± 0.41 | 1.10 ± 0.20 | 0.78 ± 0.24 | 0.69 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.08 | 0.45 ± 0.07 |
Uvula | 0.68 ± 0.12 | 0.61 ± 0.13 | 0.39 ± 0.08 | 0.33 ± 0.07 ** | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.17 ± 0.06 ** | 1.01 ± 0.45 | 1.37 ± 0.32 ** | 0.65 ± 0.25 | 0.71 ± 0.11 | 0.36 ± 0.11 | 0.37 ± 0.11 |
Nodule | 0.66 ± 0.16 | 0.53 ± 0.19 ** | 0.35 ± 0.10 | 0.24 ± 0.06 ** | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.13 ± 0.03 ** | 1.71 ± 0.51 | 2.19 ± 0.31 ** | 0.79 ± 0.26 | 1.30 ± 0.41 ** | 0.37 ± 0.16 | 0.62 ± 0.33 ** |
UPDRS_TOTAL | LEDD | PDQ39 SI | MHY | UPDRSI | UPDRSII | UPDRSIII | UPDRSIV | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted R2 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.57 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.92 |
F Test | 994 | 528 | 479 | 390 | 87.9 | 780 | 834 | 716 |
LOOCV | ||||||||
Mean Adjusted R2 | 0.939 ± 0.002 | 0.891 ± 0.004 | 0.881 ± 0.004 | 0.871 ± 0.003 | 0.573 ± 0.012 | 0.923 ± 0.003 | 0.928 ± 0.002 | 0.917 ± 0.006 |
MAE | 4.39 ± 3.57 | 138.70 ± 112.38 | 8.08 ± 5.39 | 0.40 ± 0.25 | 0.97 ± 0.76 | 1.74 ± 1.31 | 3.21 ± 2.31 | 0.61 ± 0.48 |
5-fold CV | ||||||||
Mean Adjusted R2 | 0.944 ± 0.011 | 0.898 ± 0.006 | 0.882 ± 0.013 | 0.877 ± 0.009 | 0.592 ± 0.051 | 0.930 ± 0.007 | 0.933 ± 0.005 | 0.919 ± 0.021 |
MAE | 4.94 ± 1.67 | 135.64 ± 23.99 | 7.15 ± 1.32 | 0.39 ± 0.07 | 1.06 ± 0.15 | 2.05 ± 0.46 | 3.35 ± 0.33 | 0.67 ± 0.12 |
Blind validation | ||||||||
Adjusted R2 | 0.76 | 0.42 | 0.54 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.82 | 0.62 | 0.32 |
MAE | 8.72 ± 6.24 | 348.17 ± 202.22 | 17.44 ± 11.44 | 1.02 ± 0.93 | 2.19 ± 2.28 | 3.06 ± 2.24 | 7.46 ± 4.07 | 2.10 ± 1.77 |
MAE in % | 4.38 ± 3.14 | 53.09 ± 44.45 | 11.18 ± 7.33 | 20.40 ± 18.63 | 13.66 ± 14.27 | 5.88 ± 4.31 | 6.90 ± 3.77 | 9.11 ± 7.68 |
UPDRS_TOTAL = | ||
+67.84 * Nodule(FA50) | +48.82 * Tonsil L(MD10) | +11.53 * Lingula(MD10) |
+79.50 * RolandicOperculum R(FA50) | +19.28 * Rectus L(MD90) | +222.21 * Quadrangular R(FA10) |
−23.12 * Amygdala L(FA90) | +10.08 * Heschl L(MD90) | −7.38 * Flocculus R(MD90) |
−80.25 * ParaHippocampus L(FA50) | +57.31 * Biventral R(FA10) | +60.29 * Cuneus R(FA50) |
+6.09 * Alae R(MD50) | −118.61 | |
UPDRS_I = | ||
+3.64 * Hippocampus L(MD90) | +18.70 * Olfactory R(FA10) | +36.22 * SuperiorSemilunar R(FA10) |
−1.83 * SuperiorFrontal, Medial R(MD90) | +12.01 * Thalamus R(MD10) | −31.55 * RolandicOperculum L(FA10) |
+3.89 * Biventral R(FA90) | +19.83 * FoliumTuber(FA10) | −8.39 * SuperiorTemporalPole R(FA50) |
−2.72 * SuperiorFrontal, Orbital L(MD90) | −44.07 * InferiorParietal R(FA10) | −6.69 * Culmen(MD10) |
−3.82 * InferiorFrontal, Orbital R(FA90) | +1.74 | |
UPDRS_II = | ||
+8.87 * Nodule(FA50) | −9.99 * Lingual L(MD10) | −21.90 * Thalamus R(FA50) |
+63.89 * RolandicOperculum R(FA50) | +60.38 * Quadrangular R(FA10) | −54.70 * Insula L(FA50) |
+78.06 * Cingulum, Middle R(FA10) | +21.55 * Bivnetral R(FA10) | +4.78 * Hippocampus L(MD90) |
−19.08 * Uvula(FA10) | +3.03 * Rectus L(MD90) | −4.79 * Heschl L(FA90) |
+1.20 * Lingula(MD10) | −15.43 | |
UPDRS_III = | ||
+44.92 * Nodule(FA50) | +33.65 * Tonsil L(MD10) | −17.12 * Heschl R(FA90) |
+2.39 * Lingula(MD50) | −6.27 * Flocculus R(MD90) | +18.90 * SuperiorTemporalPole R(MD50) |
+93.69 * Quadrangular R(FA10) | −55.96 * ParaHippocampus L(FA50) | +8.14 * Heschl L(MD90) |
−23.69 * Caudate R(MD10) | +11.13 * Rectus L(MD90) | +58.03 * Cuneus R(FA50) |
+5.47 * Lingula(MD10) | −56.224 | |
UPDRS_IV = | ||
−0.87 * FoliumTuber(MD90) | −4.84 * CentralLobule (MD10) | −11.18 * Postcentral R(FA90) |
+9.65 * InferiorOccipital R(FA50) | +28.43 * InferiorFrontal, Orbital L(FA10) | −23.17 * Caudate L(FA10) |
+21.73 * RolandicOperculum R(FA10) | −31.30 * MiddleFrontal, Orbital R(FA10) | −1.34 * SuperiorFrontal, Orbital L(MD90) |
−23.42 * LobulusSimplex L(FA10) | +11.19 * Cuneus L(FA50) | +16.83 * Cingulum, Anterior R(FA50) |
−21.21 * InferiorFrontal, Opercular R(FA10) | +10.32 |
LEDD = | ||
+1347.19 * ParacentralLobule R(MD10) | +3997.05 * InferiorFrontal, Opercular L(FA10) | +728.10 * Tonsil R(MD50) |
+372.00 * Heschl L(FA90) | −1602.36 * Biventral L(FA10) | −753.08 * MiddleFrontal R(MD90) |
+2118.39 * Postcentral R(MD50) | −1431.37 * SuperiorOccipital L(MD50) | +2573.81 * Cuneus R(FA50) |
+486.64 * SuperiorFrontal, MedialOrbital R(MD90) | −1853.35 * Thalamus L(FA50) | +1547.72 * InferiorFrontal, Triangular R(FA50) |
+298.36 * Alae R(MD10) | −1597.47 | |
PDQ39SI = | ||
+370.38 * Quadrangular R(FA10) | +208.71 * RolandicOperculum R(FA50) | +44.90 * SuperiorTemporal R(MD90) |
+125.00 * Cingulum, Anterior R(MD10) | −10.77 * Biventral L(MD90) | +46.65 * Cingulum, Posterior R(MD10) |
+10.55 * Lingula(MD50) | −107.68 * MiddleOccipital L(MD10) | +78.75 * Biventral R(FA10) |
+73.82 * ParacentralLobule L(MD10) | −28.89 * Caudate L(MD10) | −71.872 * Insula R(MD10) |
+279.08 * SuperiorFrontal, Medial R(FA10) | −211.64 | |
MHY = | ||
+8.02 * Nodule(FA50) | +10.74 * Angular L(MD50) | +1.99 * RolandicOperculum L(FA90) |
−2.70 * ParacentralLobule R(FA90) | +9.83 * Cuneus L(FA50) | +0.55 * Lingula(MD50) |
+1.37 * Heschl L(MD10) | −6.39 * Insula R(MD10) | +2.22 * Amygdala R(MD10) |
+0.56 * Caudate L(MD90) | −1.43 * SuperiorFrontal, Orbital R(MD90) | +9.87 * FoliumTuber(FA10) |
−5.85 * Rectus R(FA10) | −9.14 |
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Tsai, C.-C.; Lin, Y.-C.; Ng, S.-H.; Chen, Y.-L.; Cheng, J.-S.; Lu, C.-S.; Weng, Y.-H.; Lin, S.-H.; Chen, P.-Y.; Wu, Y.-M.; et al. A Method for the Prediction of Clinical Outcome Using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Application on Parkinson’s Disease. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 647. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030647
Tsai C-C, Lin Y-C, Ng S-H, Chen Y-L, Cheng J-S, Lu C-S, Weng Y-H, Lin S-H, Chen P-Y, Wu Y-M, et al. A Method for the Prediction of Clinical Outcome Using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Application on Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(3):647. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030647
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsai, Chih-Chien, Yu-Chun Lin, Shu-Hang Ng, Yao-Liang Chen, Jur-Shan Cheng, Chin-Song Lu, Yi-Hsin Weng, Sung-Han Lin, Po-Yuan Chen, Yi-Ming Wu, and et al. 2020. "A Method for the Prediction of Clinical Outcome Using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Application on Parkinson’s Disease" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 3: 647. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030647