Clinical Theragnostic Potential of Diverse miRNA Expressions in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Search Strategy and Study Selection
2.2. Selection Criteria
2.3. Inclusion Criteria
- Studies reporting chemoresistance in PrC.
- Studies reporting a miRNA profiling platform.
- Studies on drug regulatory genes or pathways involved in chemoresistance or sensitivity.
- Studies reporting miRNA expressions analysis using in-vitro assays on chemoresistance.
2.4. Exclusion Criteria
- Studies published in languages other than English.
- Letters to the editor, case studies, review articles and studies performed only in PrC patients or in vitro.
- Studies using PrC patients’ information from GenBank datasets.
2.5. Data Extraction and Analysis
- First author and year of publication
- Country
- Patients’ origin
- Ethnicity
- Number of samples
- Cell lines
- Resistant cell lines to chemotherapy
- miRNA(s) involved
- miRNA profiling platform
- Drug information
- Molecular pathways or gene associated
2.6. Quality Assessment
2.7. Publication Bias
2.8. Meta-Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Search Strategy and Study Selection
3.2. In-Vitro Assays
3.3. Association between miRNA Expression and Chemoresistance
3.4. Chemotherapy and PrC Patients
3.5. Drug Regulatory Pathways for miRNA-Mediated Chemosensitivity and Chemoresistance
3.6. Association between miRNAs and Drug Regulatory Pathways of Chemoresistance
3.7. Meta-Analysis
3.7.1. Publication Bias
3.7.2. Classic Fail-Safe N
3.7.3. Orwin Fail-Safe N
3.7.4. Begg and Mazumdar Rank Correlation Test
3.7.5. Egger’s Test of the Intercept
3.7.6. Duval and Tweedie’s Trim and Fill
4. Discussion
4.1. Strengths of Our Study
4.2. Limitations of Our Study
4.3. Future Work
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Country | Patients Origin | Ethnicity | No. of Samples (Cancer/Normal) | Cell Lines | Resistant Cells | miRNA | miRNA Profiling Platform | Drug | Pathways/Gene |
Xu Bin et al., (2011) [30] | China | China | Chinese | 9 | DU145 and PC3 | NM | 143 | Standard SYBR Green PCR kit (Roche) protocol on the 7300 real-time instruments. | Doc | V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) |
Su S-F et al., (2012) [12] | USA | USA | Americans | 7/7 | Normal fibroblast LD419, non-tumorigenic human urothelial UROtsa and NK2464 cells | NM | 30d, 181a and 199a-5p | miRNA Taqman assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) | Tg and TSA | Glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) |
Puhr M et al., (2012) [50] | Austria | Austria | Austrians | 28 | Human prostate cell lines PC3 and DU-145 | PC3-DR and DU-145-DR | 200c and 205 | ABI Prism 7900HT system. | Doc | E-cadherin |
Singh Saurabh et al., (2012) [11] | USA | USA | Americans | 3 | human metastatic prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3 and their PTX resistant versions DU145-TXR and PC3-TXR | NM | 10b, 17, 29b, 34a, 155 and 200c | SYBR Green dye universal master mix | PTX, CYCL | Hedgehog pathway |
Yu Junjie et al., (2013) [31] | China | China | Chinese | 30/15 | Human PCa cell lines LNCaP, PC3 and DU145, BPH1 | NM | 200b | PrimeScript Reverse Transcription System and SYBR Premix Ex Taq™ II kit | Doc | B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1 (Bmi-1) |
Zhang Q et al., (2014) [51] | USA | USA | Americans | 8/8 | WPE1-NA22, PC-3, and DU-145 | PC3 and DU145 | 205,31 | TaqMan assays Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA, USA). | Doc and DZNep | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) |
Siu K M et al., (2014) [51] | China | China | Chinese | 25 | DU145/RasG37 cell line | NM | 203 | mirVana PARIS RNA isolation system | TKI | EGFR pathway |
Lin H-M et al., (2014) [52] | Australia | Australia | Australians | 97 | PC3 and DU145 cell lines | PC3Rx and DU145Rx | 20, 20a, 20b, 21, 25, 132, 146a, 200a, 200b, 200c, 222, 301b, 375, 429 and 590-5p | Taqman Array microRNA cards | Doc | NM |
Liu F et al., (2015) [9] | China | China | Chinese | 40 | PC3 and LNCap | Cisplatin resistant PC cells | 144 | QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR Kit (Qiagen) | cDDP | VEGF |
Yang Y et al., (2015) [53] | USA | USA | African Americans (AA) and Caucasian Americans (CA) | 300 | LNCap, MDAPCa-2b cells | hnRNPH1-expressing MDAPCa-2b cells | 22, 132, 212 and 495 | MessageAmp aRNA Kit | Bicalutamide | hnRNPH1 |
Liao H et al., (2016) [10] | China | NM | NM | 25/25 | Human PCa cell lines, including PC-3, DU145 and RWPE-1. | PC3 and DU145 | 34a | ABI 7500 thermocycler; Life Technologies (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). | AZA, Topotecan and Dox | AMPK/mTOR pathway |
Chen L et al., (2017) [8] | China | China | Chinese | 74/28 | PC3 | PC3/PTX | 199a | Eppendorf Mastercycler and Power SYBRâ„¢ Green Master Mix (ThermoFisher Scientific, USA) | PTX | Yamaguchi sarcoma viral homolog 1 (YES1) |
Wu G et al., (2017) [54] | China | China | Chinese | 124/30 | PC3 | Docetaxel Resistant PC-3 sub-lines (PC-3-R) | 204 | iCycler iQ™ Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). | Doc | Zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) |
Siu MK et al., (2017) [55] | China | NM | NM | 40 | DU145, PC3, LNCaP, RasB1 and 22Rv1 | NM | 1 | TaqMan MicroRNA Assays kit (Applied Biosystems). | DHT and AR inhibitor (MDV3100) | Transcription Factor 7 (TCF7) |
Liu J et al., (2017) [56] | China | NM | NM | 44/30 | prostate epithelial cells (PECs), LNCaP and PC-3 cells | Dox-resistant PC-3R cells | 125a-3p | Tagman microRNA and mRNA assays. | Doc | Metastasis-associated protein 1(MTA1) |
Lin X et al., (2018) [57] | China | China | Chinese | 40 | PC3 and HPrEC | NM | 4319 | Omniscript reverse transcription kit (Qiagen). | Estramustine | HER-2 |
Wang D et al., (2018) [58] | China | China | Chinese | 25 | PC-3 and LNCap | NM | 182 | miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit (Qiagen) on the DA7600 Real-time Nucleic Acid Amplification Fluorescence Detection System (Bio-Rad). | androgen-deprivation therapy | Wnt/ß-catenin signal pathway |
Chemoresistance | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Downregulated | Upregulated | ||||
Drug | miRNA | Pathway | Drug | miRNA | Pathway |
Paclitaxel (PTX) | 199a | Yamaguchi sarcoma viral homolog 1 (YES1) | Paclitaxel | 10b | Hedgehog pathway |
Docetaxel | 31 | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) | 17 | Hedgehog pathway | |
125a-3p | Metastasis-associated protein 1(MTA1) | 155 | Hedgehog pathway | ||
143 | V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) | Cyclopamine | 10b | Hedgehog pathway | |
204 | Zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) | 17 | Hedgehog pathway | ||
200b | B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1 (Bmi-1) | 155 | Hedgehog pathway | ||
200c | E-cadherin | ||||
205 | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) | ||||
205 | E-cadherin | ||||
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) | 1 | AR signalling pathway, Transcription Factor 7 (TCF7) | |||
AR inhibitor (MDV3100) | 1 | AR signalling pathway, Transcription Factor 7 (TCF7) | |||
Cisplatin | 144 | VEGF | |||
DZNep | 31 | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) | |||
205 | |||||
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor | 203 | EGFR pathway | |||
Paclitaxel | 29b | Hedgehog pathway | |||
34a | Hedgehog pathway | ||||
200c | Hedgehog pathway | ||||
Cyclopamine | 29b | Hedgehog pathway | |||
34a | Hedgehog pathway | ||||
200c | Hedgehog pathway | ||||
Trichostatin A | 30d | ||||
181a | Glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) | ||||
199a-5p | Glucose-regulated protein - 78 (GRP78) | ||||
Thapsigargin | 30d | ||||
181a | Glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) | ||||
199a-5p | Glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) |
Chemosensitivity | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Downregulated | Upregulated | ||||
Drug | miRNA | Pathway | Drug | miRNA | Pathway |
Azacytidine | 34a | AMPK/mTOR pathway | - | - | - |
Androgen receptor (AR) expression | 212 | hnRNPH1 | - | - | - |
Bicalutamide | 212 | hnRNPH1 | - | - | - |
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Jayaraj, R.; Raymond, G.; Krishnan, S.; Tzou, K.S.; Baxi, S.; Ram, M.R.; Govind, S.K.; Chandramoorthy, H.C.; Abu-Khzam, F.N.; Shaw, P. Clinical Theragnostic Potential of Diverse miRNA Expressions in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers 2020, 12, 1199. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051199
Jayaraj R, Raymond G, Krishnan S, Tzou KS, Baxi S, Ram MR, Govind SK, Chandramoorthy HC, Abu-Khzam FN, Shaw P. Clinical Theragnostic Potential of Diverse miRNA Expressions in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers. 2020; 12(5):1199. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051199
Chicago/Turabian StyleJayaraj, Rama, Greg Raymond, Sunil Krishnan, Katherine S. Tzou, Siddhartha Baxi, M. Ravishankar Ram, Suresh Kumar Govind, Harish C. Chandramoorthy, Faisal N. Abu-Khzam, and Peter Shaw. 2020. "Clinical Theragnostic Potential of Diverse miRNA Expressions in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Cancers 12, no. 5: 1199. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051199