Education Attainment and Alcohol Binge Drinking: Diminished Returns of Hispanics in Los Angeles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Aim
2. Methods
2.1. Design and Setting
2.2. Participants and Sampling
2.3. Study Variables
2.4. Ethics
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Bivariate Correlations
3.3. Linear Regression in the Pooled Sample
3.4. Linear Regression by Ethnicity
4. Discussion
4.1. Implications
4.2. Limitations
4.3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Pooled Sample (n = 3024) | Non-Hispanic Whites (n = 907) | Hispanic Whites (n = 2117) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | SE | 95% CI | % | SE | 95% CI | % | SE | 95% CI | |
Ethnicity | |||||||||
Non-Hispanic White | 49.06 | 0.02 | 45.99 to 52.13 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Hispanic White | 50.94 | 0.02 | 47.87 to 54.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
US Citizen * | |||||||||
No | 30.40 | 0.01 | 27.92–33.00 | 5.07 | 0.01 | 3.41–7.47 | 54.80 | 0.02 | 51.15–58.39 |
Yes | 69.60 | 0.01 | 67.00–72.08 | 94.93 | 0.01 | 92.53–96.59 | 45.20 | 0.02 | 41.61–48.85 |
Gender | |||||||||
Female | 50.59 | 0.02 | 47.53–53.64 | 50.66 | 0.03 | 45.69–55.62 | 50.52 | 0.02 | 46.90–54.12 |
Male | 49.41 | 0.02 | 46.36–52.47 | 49.34 | 0.03 | 44.38–54.31 | 49.48 | 0.02 | 45.88–53.10 |
Depression (Self-Report) * | |||||||||
No | 93.69 | 0.01 | 91.87–95.12 | 90.98 | 0.02 | 87.55–93.53 | 96.30 | 0.01 | 94.69–97.43 |
Yes | 6.31 | 0.01 | 4.88–8.13 | 9.02 | 0.02 | 6.47–12.45 | 3.70 | 0.01 | 2.57–5.31 |
Employed | |||||||||
No | 33.65 | 0.01 | 30.81–36.61 | 35.37 | 0.02 | 30.73–40.32 | 31.98 | 0.02 | 28.79–35.36 |
Yes | 66.35 | 0.01 | 63.39–69.19 | 64.63 | 0.02 | 59.68–69.27 | 68.02 | 0.02 | 64.64–71.21 |
Mean | SE | 95% CI | Mean | SE | 95% CI | Mean | SE | 95% CI | |
Age * | 42.58 | 0.60 | 41.40–43.76 | 47.68 | 0.98 | 45.76–49.60 | 37.54 | 0.61 | 36.34–38.74 |
Self-Rated Health (Poor) | 2.49 | 0.04 | 2.42–2.56 | 2.30 | 0.06 | 2.19–2.41 | 2.68 | 0.04 | 2.59–2.76 |
Education (Years) * | 12.61 | 0.13 | 12.35–12.87 | 14.97 | 0.14 | 14.69–15.26 | 10.27 | 0.17 | 9.94–10.60 |
Binge Drinking Frequency * | 0.80 | 0.10 | 0.60–1.00 | 0.86 | 0.17 | 0.52–1.20 | 0.74 | 0.11 | 0.53–0.96 |
Characteristics | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pooled Sample (n = 3024) | |||||||||
1 Ethnicity (Hispanic) | 1.00 * | ||||||||
2 US citizen | −0.50 * | 1.00 * | |||||||
3 Male | −0.06 * | 0.03 | 1.00 * | ||||||
4 Age | −0.26 * | 0.24 * | 0.04 * | 1.00 * | |||||
5 Self-Rated Health (SRH) (Poor) | 0.26 * | −0.24 * | −0.11 * | 0.12 * | 1.00 * | ||||
6 Depression (Self Report) | −0.08 * | 0.10 * | −0.06 * | 0.10 * | 0.18 * | 1.00 * | |||
7 Employed | −0.07 * | 0.13 * | 0.28 * | −0.10 * | −0.18 * | −0.09 * | 1.00 * | ||
8 Education (years) | −0.55 * | 0.52 * | 0.03 | 0.02 | −0.37 * | 0.03 | 0.20 * | 1.00 * | |
9 Binge Drinking Frequency | −0.01 | 0.04 * | 0.22 * | −0.02 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.09 * | −0.01 | 1.00 * |
Non-Hispanic Whites (n = 907) | |||||||||
2 US citizen | - | 1.00 * | |||||||
3 Male | - | 0.05 * | 1.00 * | ||||||
4 Age | - | 0.13 * | 0.02 | 1.00 * | |||||
5 SRH (Poor) | - | −0.03 | −0.07 * | 0.19 * | 1.00 * | ||||
6 Depression (Self Report) | - | 0.07 * | −0.08 * | 0.03 | 0.29 * | 1.00 * | |||
7 Employed | - | 0.08 * | 0.19 * | −0.23 * | −0.22 * | −0.16 * | 1.00 * | ||
8 Education (years) | - | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 * | −0.25 * | −0.07 * | 0.16 * | 1.00 * | |
9 Binge Drinking Frequency | - | 0.06 * | 0.18 * | −0.08 * | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.09 * | −0.09 * | 1.00 * |
Hispanic Whites (n = 2117) | |||||||||
2 US citizen | - | 1.00 * | |||||||
3 Male | - | −0.02 | 1.00 * | ||||||
4 Age | - | 0.14 * | 0.03 | 1.00 * | |||||
5 SRH (Poor) | - | −0.16 * | −0.10 * | 0.21 * | 1.00 * | ||||
6 Depression (Self Report) | - | 0.08 * | −0.06 * | 0.11 * | 0.16 * | 1.00 * | |||
7 Employed | - | 0.13 * | 0.31 * | −0.08 * | −0.15 * | −0.07 * | 1.00 * | ||
8 Education (years) | - | 0.40 * | 0.00 | −0.23 * | −0.29 * | 0.00 | 0.20 * | 1.00 * | |
9 Binge Drinking Frequency | - | 0.03 | 0.23 * | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.09 * | −0.01 | 1.00 * |
Characteristics | b | SE | 95% CI | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 in All (n = 3024) | |||||
Ethnicity (Hispanic) | −0.25 | 0.30 | −0.84–0.35 | −0.81 | 0.415 |
US citizen | 0.62 | 0.24 | 0.15–1.08 | 2.61 | 0.009 |
Age | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.03–0.00 | −2.23 | 0.026 |
Male | 1.05 | 0.20 | 0.67–1.43 | 5.38 | 0.000 |
SRH (Poor) | 0.03 | 0.13 | −0.21–0.28 | 0.27 | 0.790 |
Depression (Self Report) | 0.21 | 0.34 | −0.46–0.89 | 0.63 | 0.531 |
Employed | 0.38 | 0.16 | 0.06–0.69 | 2.36 | 0.018 |
Education Attainment (years) | −0.05 | 0.02 | −0.09–−0.02 | −2.76 | 0.006 |
Intercept | 1.06 | 0.38 | 0.31–1.81 | 2.76 | 0.006 |
Model 2 in All (n = 3024) | |||||
Ethnicity (Hispanic) | −1.42 | 0.81 | −3.00–0.17 | −1.75 | 0.080 |
US citizen | 0.52 | 0.23 | 0.08–0.96 | 2.32 | 0.020 |
Age | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.03–0.00 | −2.15 | 0.032 |
Male | 1.06 | 0.20 | 0.68–1.45 | 5.38 | <0.001 |
SRH (Poor) | 0.03 | 0.12 | −0.22–0.27 | 0.22 | 0.828 |
Depression (Self Report) | 0.21 | 0.34 | −0.46–0.88 | 0.61 | 0.540 |
Employed | 0.39 | 0.16 | 0.07–0.70 | 2.40 | 0.017 |
Education Attainment (years) | −0.11 | 0.04 | −0.20–−0.02 | −2.46 | 0.014 |
Education Attainment (years) × Ethnicity (Hispanic) | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.00–0.17 | 1.90 | 0.050 |
Intercept | 1.92 | 0.73 | 0.49–3.36 | 2.62 | 0.009 |
Characteristics | b | SE | 95% CI | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 3 in Non-Hispanic Whites (n = 907) | |||||
US citizen | 0.78 | 0.29 | 0.21–1.34 | 2.68 | 0.007 |
Age | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.04–0.00 | −1.65 | 0.099 |
Male | 1.12 | 0.32 | 0.50–1.73 | 3.54 | <0.001 |
SRH (Poor) | 0.12 | 0.25 | −0.37–0.60 | 0.47 | 0.637 |
Depression (Self Report) | 0.29 | 0.52 | −0.74–1.31 | 0.55 | 0.585 |
Employed | 0.74 | 0.24 | 0.27–1.20 | 3.09 | 0.002 |
Education (years) | −0.11 | 0.04 | −0.19–−0.03 | −2.56 | 0.011 |
Intercept | 1.34 | 0.69 | −0.01–2.69 | 1.94 | 0.052 |
Model 4 in Hispanic Whites (n = 2117) | |||||
US citizen | 0.35 | 0.27 | −0.17–0.87 | 1.31 | 0.189 |
Age | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.02–0.01 | −1.10 | 0.273 |
Male | 1.04 | 0.25 | 0.56–1.53 | 4.24 | <0.001 |
SRH (Poor) | −0.04 | 0.09 | −0.21–0.14 | −0.44 | 0.659 |
Depression (Self Report) | −0.04 | 0.24 | −0.51–0.43 | −0.16 | 0.873 |
Employed | 0.03 | 0.24 | −0.43–0.49 | 0.14 | 0.891 |
Education (years) | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.04–0.03 | −0.44 | 0.660 |
Intercept | 0.51 | 0.42 | −0.30–1.33 | 1.23 | 0.217 |
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Assari, S.; Farokhnia, M.; Mistry, R. Education Attainment and Alcohol Binge Drinking: Diminished Returns of Hispanics in Los Angeles. Behav. Sci. 2019, 9, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9010009
Assari S, Farokhnia M, Mistry R. Education Attainment and Alcohol Binge Drinking: Diminished Returns of Hispanics in Los Angeles. Behavioral Sciences. 2019; 9(1):9. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9010009
Chicago/Turabian StyleAssari, Shervin, Mehdi Farokhnia, and Ritesh Mistry. 2019. "Education Attainment and Alcohol Binge Drinking: Diminished Returns of Hispanics in Los Angeles" Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 1: 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9010009