The Kiwifruit Allergen Act d 1 Activates NF-κB Signaling and Affects mRNA Expression of TJ Proteins and Innate Pro-Allergenic Cytokines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Allergen Preparation
2.2. Animals
2.3. The Dosage Regimen of Act d 1 and Permeability Assay
2.4. Isolation of RNA and qRT-PCR of Mouse Intestinal Samples
2.5. HEK293 Cell Culture, RNA Isolation, and Gene Expression Analysis
2.6. ELISA Detection of TSLP
2.7. NF-ĸB-GFP Reporter Assay
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. In Vivo Exposure to Act d 1 Leads to Increased Intestinal Permeability in C57BL/6 Mice
3.2. Act d 1 Differentially Upregulates mRNA Expression of TJ Proteins in Distinct Segments of Mouse Intestine
3.3. Act d 1 Induces Upregulation of mRNA for the Innate Pro-Allergenic Cytokines in Vivo
3.4. Act d 1 Affects HEK293 Monolayer Transepithelial Electrical Resistance
3.5. Act d 1 Activates the NF-ĸB Signaling Pathway and Upregulates the Innate Pro-Allergenic Cytokines In Vitro
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target Gene (Reference) | Murine Primer Sequence (5′–3′) | Tm (°C) |
---|---|---|
CLDN1 (NM_016674.4) | F: TCTACGAGGGACTGTGGATG | 57 |
R: TCAGATTCAGCTAGGAGTCG | ||
CLDN2 (NM_016675.4) | F: GGCTGTTAGGCTCATCCAT | 55 |
R: TGGCACCAACATAGGAACTC | ||
CLDN3 (NM_009902.4) | F: AAGCCGAATGGACAAAGAA | 58.7 |
R: CTGGCAAGTAGCTGCAGTG | ||
CLDN4 (NM_009903.2) | F: CGCTACTCTTGCCATTACG | 55 |
R: CTGGCAAGTAGCTGCAGTG | ||
OCLN (NM_008756.2) | F: ATGTCCGGCCGATGCTCTC | 61.2 |
R: TTTGGCTGCTCTTGGGTCTGTAT | ||
ZO1 (NM_009386.2) | F: CGAGGCATCATCCCAAATAAGAAC | 58.7 |
R: TCCAGAAGTCTGCCCGATCAC | ||
E-cadherin (NM_009864.2) | F: ACTGTGAAGGGACGGTCAAC | 64.3 |
R: GGAGCAGCAGGATCAGAATC | ||
IL-33 (NM_001164724.1) | F: GGTGTGGATGGGAAGAAGCTG | 61 |
R: GAGGACTTTTTGTGAAGGACG | ||
TSLP (NM_021367.2) | F: CGGATGGGGCTAACTTACA | 61 |
R: TCCTCGATTTGCTCGAACTT | ||
IL-25 (NM_080729.3) | F: CAGCAAAGAGCAAGAACC | 61 |
R: CCCTGTCCAACTCATAGC | ||
ACTB (NM_007393.3) | F: ATGCTCCCCGGGCTGTAT | 61 |
R: CATAGGAGTCCTTCTGACCCATTC |
Target Gene (Reference) | Human Primer Sequence (5′–3′) | Tm (°C) |
---|---|---|
TSLP (NM_009903.2) | F: CGCTACTCTTGCCATTACG | 55 |
R: ACTCAGCACACCATGACTTG | ||
IL-25 (NM_022789.3) | F: CCAGGTGGTTGCATTCTTGG | 49 |
R: TGGCTGTAGGTGTGGGTTCC | ||
IL-33 (NM_033439.3) | F: CACCCCTCAAATGAATCAGG | 51 |
R: GGAGCTCCACAGAGTGTTCC | ||
GAPDH (NM_009386.2) | F: CGAGGCATCATCCCAAATAAGAAC | 58.7 |
R: TCCAGAAGTCTGCCCGATCAC |
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Nešić, A.; Čavić, M.; Popović, M.; Zlatanova, M.; Pieters, R.; Smit, J.; Gavrović-Jankulović, M. The Kiwifruit Allergen Act d 1 Activates NF-κB Signaling and Affects mRNA Expression of TJ Proteins and Innate Pro-Allergenic Cytokines. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120816
Nešić A, Čavić M, Popović M, Zlatanova M, Pieters R, Smit J, Gavrović-Jankulović M. The Kiwifruit Allergen Act d 1 Activates NF-κB Signaling and Affects mRNA Expression of TJ Proteins and Innate Pro-Allergenic Cytokines. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(12):816. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120816
Chicago/Turabian StyleNešić, Andrijana, Milena Čavić, Milica Popović, Milena Zlatanova, Raymond Pieters, Joost Smit, and Marija Gavrović-Jankulović. 2019. "The Kiwifruit Allergen Act d 1 Activates NF-κB Signaling and Affects mRNA Expression of TJ Proteins and Innate Pro-Allergenic Cytokines" Biomolecules 9, no. 12: 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120816