Irrational and inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics is a major problem that can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In Zambia, there is insufficient information on the prescribing patterns of antibiotics according to the Wo...
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are frequent and represent a significant healthcare burden. ADRs are a potentially avoidable contributor to excess unscheduled hospital admissions, higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The objective of this...
Helicobacter pylori is a class I carcinogen that infects more than 100 million individuals in the United States. Antimicrobial therapy for H. pylori has typically been prescribed empirically rather than based on susceptibility testing. Until recently...
This study aimed to systematically review and explore the impact of study methods on the cost of managing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among hospitalized patients to guide policymakers and researchers. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, E...
The pandemic outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has drastically changed the picture of global healthcare. With the rapid emergence of novel variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that rendered the curren...
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pose a significant threat due to adverse drug reactions, increased healthcare costs, and poor patient outcomes. Antibiotic stewardship programs, includin...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have emerged as a potent therapeutic option for the management of obesity, demonstrating exceptional efficacy in several large-scale clinical trials. Despite their promising therapeutic outcomes,...
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic disease requiring long-term treatment and is associated with opioid overdose and increased risk of mortality. However, existing randomized clinical trials focused on short-term treatment engagement and detoxific...
(1) Background: About 10 years ago, several guidelines for the better management of patients with polypharmacy were issued. A central issue is the definition of the target group. The primary aim of this study is therefore to assess the size of the ta...
Background: Immuno-oncology has transformed cancer treatment, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like pembrolizumab playing a key role. While highly effective, these therapies can also cause immune-related adverse events. This study examines th...
Background/Objectives: Several drugs used to treat prostate cancer have been reported to cause cardiovascular adverse events, and this study sought to identify the real-world risk. Methods: This study utilized real-world data from the FAERS to analyz...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has infected millions of people, but about 20% of infected individuals do not develop symptoms. COVID-19 is an inflammatory disease that affects a portion of individuals infected with the virus and it i...
Although statins have served as the cornerstone for pharmacological lowering of lipid levels in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk reduction, many patients are unable to achieve target doses of statin medication due to side effects o...
Opioid use in women has increased by 300% since 1999, and opioid use disorder among pregnant women has quadrupled. The stigma of substance use disorder is a significant barrier to treatment, especially among women. The purpose of this study was to ex...
More than 3 years have passed since the emergence of COVID-19. On 8 May 2023, COVID-19 in Japan was downgraded to Category 5 by the Infectious Disease Control Law. In Japan, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, cases of infection and de...
Herbal medicinal products are increasingly used alongside conventional medicines, raising the risk of potential interactions such as pharmacodynamic drug–herb interactions (PD-DHIs) that can cause serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This rev...
Vancomycin is not appreciably passaged via the colonic membrane to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in persons with an intact gut epithelium due to its large chemical structure. However; hospitalized patients with diarrhea often have a disrupted GI tr...
Unique aspects of New Zealand’s (NZ) health system allow for a novel pharmacoepidemiologic approach to conducting population-based clinical research. A defined cohort of surgical and trauma patients would facilitate future studies into opioid u...
Background/Objectives: Despite an improved knowledgebase, effective intervention, and guidelines, many patients with depression do not receive adequate treatment and treatment discontinuation and non-response are common. It was intended to explore th...
Objectives: Real-world evidence that supports decision-making must meet numerous criteria, including validated identification of clinical outcomes. This study aimed to develop and validate a method for identifying new cases of myocardial infarction (...
Immunocompromised outpatients, including people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), diabetes, cancer, and organ transplant recipients, are at high risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to their weakened immune systems and use of immunosuppressive thera...
Though it is well documented that antidepressants are associated with an increased risk of falls in older adults at the drug class level, the comparative risk between individual antidepressants for fall injury in older adults with depression is unkno...
Background: Antibiotic resistance represents a growing concern. A new strategy developed to treat severe infections is represented by ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA/AVI). Despite the promising activities against more pathogens, continuous monitoring is r...
Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly encompassed under nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a growing global health burden associated with progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcino...
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed medications primarily used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite clear therapeutic benefits in appropriate contexts, widespread...
We examined eligibility criteria from recent oncology clinical trials to see whether real-world data (RWD) from electronic health records (EHRs) could be used to create external control groups for clinical trials. Trials were identified from the Aggr...
Depolarization-blocking drugs (DB drugs) used for cardiac disease increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation [VT/VF]) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in specific patient groups. However, it is...
Probiotics and microbiome-based therapeutics are increasingly used to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and support gut microbiota health across children, adults, and elderly populations. Evidence synthesized in this narrative review from...
Background: Spironolactone is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist indicated for the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In a previous clinical trial, spironolactone significantly lowered the incidence of heart fail...
Background: The coronavirus pandemic has led to the creation of clinical guidelines by a large number of professional medical communities. However, the quality and methodology of development of Russian clinical guidelines has been little studied. The...
Background/Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify a comprehensive list of potential opioid-related indicators from the published literature to assess prescribing safety in any setting. Methods: Studies that reported prescribing indicato...
Prescription drug misuse is a global problem, especially in the United States (US). Clinician involvement is necessary in this crisis, and prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are a recommended tool for the prevention, recognition, and manag...
This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and practices among dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia regarding the use of antimicrobials for periodontal diseases. An online questionnaire was sent to senior dental students and dental practitioners i...
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) or Non-Hispanic White (NHW) Alzheimer dementia patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms (ADNPS) differ regarding treatment with second-generation antipsychotics (...
Objectives: To evaluate reports of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) associated with antipsychotic drug (APD) use submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods: A retrospective pharmacovigilance...
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea in the United States. Tigecycline has been proposed as a potential treatment for CDI, though limited clinical data exist to support this practice. The objective of t...
(1) Background: Although Sri Lanka is a developing country and boasts of having a well-established healthcare system along with good healthcare indices, we are still lagging in certain aspects of healthcare. One such aspect is the deficiencies in gui...
The state of knowledge regarding the teratogenic effects of maternal use of medications during pregnancy is constantly evolving and is often uncertain. Timely access to high-quality information may reduce prolonged harmful exposures, decrease the num...
COVID-19 antiviral medications approved or authorized for emergency use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are reported to have high efficacy in preventing severe illness, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, reports for some of these antivir...
Background: The extensive use of antibiotics has contributed to the development of antibiotic resistance. Understanding the factors behind the attitude of physicians in prescribing antibiotics may be useful to address educational interventions to sen...
Atrial fibrillation has been described as a global epidemic with a three-fold increase in prevalence in the last 50 years. As the prevalence of atrial fibrillation continues to grow, multiple landmark trials have been designed to determine the best m...
The issue with the overlapping clinical symptoms from an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) sometimes leads to incorrect diagnosis and, consequently, wrong t...
Background: According to the literature, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) account for 5–10% of hospital admissions and affect 25–30% of hospitalized patients, but no data are available for Gabon. Objectives: To estimate the incidence of ADRs...
Proton-pump inhibitors, PPIs, are widely prescribed and are available over the counter for prolonged reduction of stomach acid production and related disorders. PPIs irreversibly inhibit the hydrogen/potassium ATPase in gastric parietal cells. Recent...
Patients with multimorbidity and multimedication require special attention from their treating physicians, as the risks of drug interactions and negative effects on adherence increase with the number of drugs. Most guidelines aim for the treatment of...
High blood pressure is a major risk factor contributing to death and disability rates in the Baltic states. The aim of this study was to compare the utilization of antihypertensive medicines in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from 2008 to 2018. In this...
COVID-19 pandemic-related pressures on primary care may have driven the inappropriate continuation of antibiotic prescriptions. Yet, prescribing modality (repeat/non-repeat) has not previously been investigated in a pandemic context. With the approva...
Although 5-Aminosalicylate (5-ASA) has been shown to act on the local mucosa, when 5-ASA is orally administered, most of it is absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract and does not reach the large intestine, where lesions are present. Therefore,...
Doxycycline is a semi-synthetic antibiotic in the tetracycline family. The three common subtypes of tetracyclines include naturally occurring, semi-synthetic, and new agents. Each subtype shares specific commonalities but is substantially different i...
Background/Objectivses: Antibiotic consumption patterns in remote urban areas of the Amazon region are poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze antibiotic use in the adult population of Coari, a municipality in Amazonas, Brazil. Methods: A cros...
