Adaptation of Legume Seeds to Waterlogging at Germination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Aerobic Respiration
3. Seed Imbibition
4. Germination
5. Soil Waterlogging
6. Morphological and Physiological Adaptation of Seeds under Low Oxygen Concentrations
6.1. Seed Reserve Metabolism
6.2. Anaerobic Respiration
6.3. Water Uptake
6.4. Seed Size (Relation between Seed Size and Oxygen Availability to Support Aerobic Germination)
7. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grain Crops | Temperature (°C) | Duration of Submergence or Waterlogging (d) | Germination Percentage (Relative to Total Seed Sown) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Faba bean | 25 | 4 | 38 | [14] |
Field pea | 25 | 8 | 54 | [4] |
Grass pea | 25 | 6 | 50 | [16] |
Soybean | 25 | 3 | 38 | [13] |
Crop Species | Waterlogging (d) | Seed Size (100 Seed Weight g) | Germination or Emergence (%) | Treatment of Soil Waterlogging | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Field pea | 14 | 11.2 | 50 | Relay cropping | [4] |
24.2 | 10 | ||||
Grass pea | 6 | 8.9 | 60 | Water level maintained above the soil surface at 9 mm | [16] |
15 | 14 | ||||
Lentil | 6 | 1.8 | 30 | Water level maintained above the soil surface at 10 mm | [43] |
4.6 | 0 | ||||
Soybean | 10 | 6.2 | 14 | Water level maintained above the soil surface at 20 mm | [60] |
15.7 | 5 |
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Wiraguna, E. Adaptation of Legume Seeds to Waterlogging at Germination. Crops 2022, 2, 111-119. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops2020009
Wiraguna E. Adaptation of Legume Seeds to Waterlogging at Germination. Crops. 2022; 2(2):111-119. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops2020009
Chicago/Turabian StyleWiraguna, Edi. 2022. "Adaptation of Legume Seeds to Waterlogging at Germination" Crops 2, no. 2: 111-119. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops2020009