Environmental Sciences Proceedings, Volume 23, 2022

In submitting conference proceedings to Environment Sciences Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...]

Rainfall is a key factor in hydrological, meteorological, and water management applications in restricted regions or basins, but its measurement remains difficult in mountainous or otherwise remote places due to a lack of readily available rain gauge...

Precision agriculture is getting immense attention from researchers and farmers across the world due to the threatening situation of the demand and production gap. Evolution in the electromechanical system and the emergence of intelligent monitoring...

All tropical and subtropical areas of the world are suitable for citrus cultivation. In managing fertilizer application efficiency in orchards, variable-rate technology (VRT) has been demonstrated to be an important element. This article aims to stud...

Soil moisture sensors and hydraulic modeling play a vital role in managing surface irrigation systems. Crop water productivity can be improved by managing the inflow cut-off time and optimizing the other field scale measurements. As such, hydraulic m...

Crop growth and yield are influenced by the genetic potential of the cultivar, soil, weather, and cultivation practices, i.e., sowing date, irrigation and fertilizer amount, and biotic stresses. Temporal variation in yield and growth has been largely...

Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change, creating more difficult challenges. Presently, the agricultural sector contributes to between 19 and 29% of all global greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and carb...

Precision agriculture (PA) has the potential to radically transform agronomic systems. It is an effective approach for viable zone management in the agriculture field. In today's era of finite resources and drastic consequences of climate change, an...

Agricultural sustainability and food security are adversely affected by nutrient deficiency in the soil that in turn reduces crop yield. To restore soil fertility, precision agriculture (PA) techniques are highly encouraged. The PA techniques include...

Irrigation for high Andean agriculture is traditionally performed with rainwater and without the use of technology, where the influence of changes in water volumes and/or water losses is not considered. Likewise, the limited information on high Andea...

The ever-increasing world’s population, the consequent heavy demand for food supply, and the lack of rain-fed agriculture to meet such demands have increased the role of irrigation in agricultural production. Water management in the irrigation...

Technology integration between the farm and the consumer is at the heart of digital agriculture. New technologies for developing countries, such as vertical indoor farming that uses automation and robots, might speed up the elimination of rural pover...

Due to the intense seasonality, high labor intensity, and high cost, picking fruit and vegetables typically requires a significant amount of personnel, material resources, and time. The fruit and vegetable picking is a critical role in the agricultur...

Promising Land and Water Conservation Practices (LWCPs) play a vital role in restraining floods and keeping the land productive. Floods are usually destructive and increase the risk of drowning, waterborne diseases, malnutrition, and multiple long-te...

The application of water-retention polymers with improved fertilizers is a better crop-growing technique, especially in soils where the water-retention capacity is low. In Pakistan, different types of fertilizers, such as urea, DAP, MOP or SOP, are u...

The energy crisis in Pakistan has amplified the need for solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies in the agriculture sector. Currently, solar PV systems in Pakistan are primarily used for water-pumping irrigation. This article presents an investigation o...

Conventional agricultural practices and a rapidly growing population have both contributed to an increase in interest in cutting-edge research on environmental friendly farming methods. A field experiment to investigate the potential of soil probioti...

Shortly, the demand for food production will increase, and the challenges to agriculture, including climate change, land degradation, farmable land availability and labor effort, will be resolved by applying precision agriculture techniques. In moder...

Irrigated agriculture is highly dependent on groundwater resources in Pakistan. Due to the fiber and food requirements, the reliance on groundwater has been increasing during the past two decades. This research work was conducted at the canal command...

Due to Pakistan’s complex hydro-climatic and topographical features, drought is a severe problem. It is necessary to regionalize various topographical and hydrometeorological occurrences into uniform zones. The regionalization of clusters acros...

A real-time approach based on IoT sensors to detect and measure the canopy size of trees in orchards for plant data collection has been proposed. This work discusses the issues related to sensors, particularly ultrasonic sensors for canopy size measu...

Horticultural crops have a special impact on a nation’s economy due to their significance in raising the living standards of farmers. The traditional method for crop protection is becoming ineffective with an increase in climate change effects....

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa launched the Billion Tree Afforestation Project (BTAP) in 2014. Pakistan also initiated a “10 billion trees in five years” project in 2018. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was used to forecast the impact...

Reliable precipitation data at appropriate resolutions are essential for crop irrigation scheduling, climate change assessments, and mitigating floods and droughts. However, information on precipitation at acceptable spatial and temporal scales is la...

Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary study field that attempts to boost agricultural output through substantial nanotechnology. This study has been conducted because of the reckless use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers brought on by the gree...

Precision agriculture (PA) is a cutting-edge, comprehensive, and globally recognized method. PA entails the application of agronomic ideas and modern technologies to improve sustainability, agricultural output, and environmental quality. This article...

The precise monitoring of nitrogen (N) is an effective strategy for enhancing the crop yield per unit of land, but it involves field-level soil and crop data. The two years of experimental study were conducted during the cotton growing seasons of 201...

The agriculture sector in Pakistan has a significant amount of potential in terms of solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass energy production and consumption. Most of the farm machinery on agriculture farms runs on high-cost fossil fuels and is also ou...

This research presents the new techniques and practical experiences of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) precision agriculture mapping. UAV-based remote sensing systems should be cost-effective, fast-producing, have high geometric accuracy, and b...

Oat is an essential Rabi crop commonly used as green fodder. The nutritional requirements of oats are higher than those of other Rabi fodder crops. Higher doses of inorganic fertilizers are required to meet this demand, which is not economical for fo...

Solar convective drying is a method of dehydrating food that is gaining popularity in developing regions due to its low power consumption and shorter yield times compared to direct sun drying. Exposure of food items to high temperatures towards the e...

The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) approach assesses plants’ nutrient status by comparing crop nutrient ratios with optimum values from a high-yielding group (DRIS norms). Furthermore, in this study, twenty-one grids were...

Water is imperative for life and plays a vital role in sustaining multiple environmental services. Currently, water resources are under stress, and rainwater harvesting (RWH) is one of the solutions available to address water shortages. In this study...

Water is a key component in the two biggest economic drivers of Taiwan, i.e., the semiconductor and agricultural industries. Agricultural water accounts for 70% of the total water usage of the nation. During drought situations, the allocation and uti...

The digital revolution is transforming agriculture by applying artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops which is susceptible to different varieties of weeds which not only lower it...

Proper and uniform seed depth within the optimum range increases crop germination rate, which directly affects yield. Seed depth mainly depends on seed placement techniques. In conventional seed drill and planters, variations and fluctuations in seed...

Long-term changes in climate variability, vulnerability, a rise in average temperature, and changes in precipitation patterns threaten crop productivity, food security, and the livelihoods of people across the globe. Lower crop yields with higher dep...

Smart-farming practices can help to overcome the impacts of soil and crop variability on crop yield. This article studies the impact of fertilization treatment on the production of a major oilseed crop, mustard (Brassica campestris L.), in an arid re...

Smart farming and precision agriculture rely on the different components of IoT, such as sensors, drones, and robotic devices. IoT in agriculture is the network of interconnected devices that corresponds in real time, simultaneously, to gather, analy...

The depletion of usable agricultural lands has brought up a scenario of vertical farming. This type of farming is mostly considered soil-less farming in the vertical direction. Three of the commonly used soil-less ways for vertical farming include hy...

Climate change poses a significant challenge to food security. Several traditional approaches are available to prevent food insecurity in climate change scenarios, such as modifications in crop practices, altering field management systems, and climat...