Evaluation of Interference Analysis from 5G NR Networks to Aeronautical and Maritime Mobile Systems in the Frequency Band 4800–4990 MHz
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. State of the Art
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Study Assumptions and Scenario
3.2. Characteristics of 5G NR Networks
3.3. Characteristics of Aeuronautical Mobile Service
3.4. Characteristics Maritime Mobile Service
3.5. Simulation Methodology
- Recommendation ITU-R P.528 “A propagation prediction method for aeronautical mobile and radionavigation services using the VHF, UHF and SHF bands” with 20% percentage of time was used to estimate interference with the AMS receivers [22].
- Recommendation ITU-R P.452 “Prediction procedure for the evaluation of interference between stations on the surface of the Earth at frequencies above about 0.1 GHz” with 20% percentage of time, 452 was used to estimate interference level to the MMS receivers [23].
- Recommendation ITU-R P.2108 “Prediction of clutter loss” with 20% of location, the clutter was applied to all 5G interfering BS [24];
- Recommendation ITU-R P.2109 “Building entry loss” with 50% traditional and 50% thermally efficient buildings, this model was applied for the indoor 5G interfering UEs [25].
4. Results
4.1. Results for Aeronautical Mobile Serivce
4.1.1. Results for AMS with Omnidirectional Antenna
4.1.2. Results for AMS with Directional Antenna
4.2. Results for Maritime Mobile Serivce
4.2.1. Results for MMS with Omnidirectional Antenna
4.2.2. Results for MMS with Directional Antenna
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Low Bands | Mid Bands | High Bands |
---|---|---|
450–470 MHz 470–608 MHz 614–698 MHz 694–960 MHz | 1427–1518 MHz 1710–2025 MHz 2110–2200 MHz 2300–2400 MHz 2500–2690 MHz 3400–3600 MHz 3600–3700 MHz 4800–4990 MHz | 24,250–27,500 MHz 37,000–43,500 MHz 45,500–47,000 MHz 47,200–48,200 MHz 66,000–71,000 MHz |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Cell radius | Typical cell radius 0.4 km urban |
Base station antenna height | 20 m urban |
Sectorization | 3 sectors |
Frequency reuse | 1 |
Typical channel bandwidth | 40 or 80 or 100 MHz |
Network loading factor (base station load probability X%) | 20%, |
TDD/FDD | TDD |
BS TDD activity factor | 75% |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Indoor user terminal usage | 70% |
Indoor user terminal penetration loss | Rec. ITU-R P.2109 |
User equipment density for terminals that are transmitting simultaneously | 3 UEs per sector |
UE height | 1.5 m |
Average user terminal output power | Use transmit power control |
Typical antenna gain for user terminals | −4 dBi |
Body loss | 4 dB |
UE TDD activity factor | 25% |
Power control model | Refer to Recommendation ITU-R M.2101 Annex 1, Section 4.1 |
Maximum user terminal output power, PCMAX | 23 dBm |
Power (dBm) target value per RB, P0_PUSCH | −92.2 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Antenna pattern | Recommendation ITU-R P.2101 |
Element gain (dBi) | 6.4 |
Horizontal/vertical 3 dB beam width of single element | 90° for H 65° for V |
Horizontal/vertical front-to-back ratio (dB) | 30 for both H/V |
Antenna polarization | Linear ± 45° |
Antenna array configuration (Row × Column) | 4 × 8 elements |
Horizontal/Vertical radiating element/sub-array spacing, dh /dv | 0.5 of wavelength for H, 2.1 of wavelength for V |
Number of element rows in sub-array, Msub | 3 |
Vertical radiating element spacing in sub-array, dv,sub | 0.7 of wavelength of V |
Pre-set sub-array down-tilt, θsubtilt (degrees) | 3 |
Array Ohmic loss (dB) | 2 |
Conducted power (before Ohmic loss) per antenna element/sub-array (dBm) | 28 |
Base station horizontal coverage range (degrees) | ±60 |
Base station vertical coverage range (degrees) | 90–100 |
Mechanical down-tilt (degrees) | 10 |
Parameter | System 1 Airborne | System 2 Airborne 1 | System 2 Airborne 2 |
---|---|---|---|
Tuning range | 4400–4990 | 4400–4990 | 4400−4990 |
Power output | 45 | 30–43 | 30–43 |
Bandwidth (3 dB) | 1 | 5/0.008 | 5/0.008 |
Noise figure | 3.5 | 6 | 6 |
Thermal noise level | −110.5 | −103/−131 | −103/−131 |
Antenna type | Omnidirectional | Directional | Directional |
Antenna gain | 3 | 14 | 14 |
1st sidelobe | N/A | −1 | −1 |
Polarization | Vertical | Vertical | Vertical |
Antenna pattern | N/A | Uniform distribution Rec. ITU-R M.1851 | Uniform distribution Rec. ITU-R M.1851 |
Parameter | System 1 Shipborne | System 2 Shipborne |
---|---|---|
Tuning range | 4400–4940 | 4800–4990 |
Power output | 39 | 46 |
Bandwidth (3 dB) | 5.6/11.3/22.6 | 40/50/60/80/100 (software configurable) |
Noise figure | 6 | 5 |
Thermal noise level | −100.5 to −94.5 | −93 … −89 |
Antenna type | Omnidirectional | Directional (steerable, MIMO) |
Antenna gain | 6/4.2/2.5 | 15 |
1st sidelobe | N/A | N/A |
Polarization | Vertical | Vertical |
Antenna pattern | N/A | Rec ITU-R F.1336 |
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Pastukh, A.; Sorokin, V. Evaluation of Interference Analysis from 5G NR Networks to Aeronautical and Maritime Mobile Systems in the Frequency Band 4800–4990 MHz. J 2023, 6, 17-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/j6010002
Pastukh A, Sorokin V. Evaluation of Interference Analysis from 5G NR Networks to Aeronautical and Maritime Mobile Systems in the Frequency Band 4800–4990 MHz. J. 2023; 6(1):17-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/j6010002
Chicago/Turabian StylePastukh, Alexander, and Vladislav Sorokin. 2023. "Evaluation of Interference Analysis from 5G NR Networks to Aeronautical and Maritime Mobile Systems in the Frequency Band 4800–4990 MHz" J 6, no. 1: 17-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/j6010002