Kinetic Study of Pyrolysis of Coniferous Bark Wood and Modified Fir Bark Wood
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Arrhenius Model
2.2. Coats–Redfern Model
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Thermogravimetry Analysis
3.2. Activation of Fir Bark by Potassium Compounds
3.3. Results of the Kinetic Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reaction Mechanism | f(α) | g(α) |
---|---|---|
Diffusion models | ||
D1 diffusion (1D) | 1/2α | α2 |
D2 diffusion, Valensi (2D) | [−ln(1 − α)]−1 | α + (1 − α)ln(1 − α) |
D3 diffusion, Jander (3D) | (3/2) (1 − α)2/3/[1 − (1 − α)1/3] | [1 − (1 − α)1/3]2 |
D4 diffusion, Ginstling (3D) | (3/2)/[(1 − α)−1/3 − 1 | 1 − 2α/3 − (1 − α)2/3 |
Random nucleation and nuclei growth | ||
A1 Avrami–Erofeev | 3/2(1 − α)[−ln(1 − α)]1/3 | [−ln(1 − α)]2/3 |
Geometrical contraction models | ||
Phase boundary-controlled reaction (contracting area) (F2) | 2(1 − α)1/2 | 1−(1 − α)1/2 |
Phase boundary-controlled reaction (contracting volume) (F3) | 3(1 − α)2/3 | 1−(1 − α)1/3 |
Reaction order | ||
R1 First order | 1 − α | −ln(1 − α) |
R2 Second order | (1 − α)2 | (1−α)−1 − 1 |
R3 Third order | (1 − α)3 | [(1 − α)−2 − 1]/2 |
R1.5 One and half order | (1 − α)3/2 | 2[(1 − α)−1/2 − 1] |
Sample | Chemical Composition (%) | Ash (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cellulose | Lignin | Hemicelluloses * | ||
FB | 29.4 | 35.5 | 32.7 | 2.4 |
LB | 29.3 | 38.8 | 29.3 | 2.5 |
CB | 28.2 | 43.9 | 25.1 | 2.8 |
SB | 22.0 | 42.3 | 31.8 | 3.8 |
Sample | Interval, °C | Vmax, %/min | Tmax, °C | Δm |
---|---|---|---|---|
FB | 140–280 | 1.01 | ~260 | 14.30 |
280–400 | 3.93 | 357.5 | 38.60 | |
400–520 | 1.08 | 460.0 | 12.60 | |
FB/KCl | 200–280 | 1.25 | 263.0 | 6.90 |
280–380 | 2.74 | 340.9 | 16.41 | |
380–500 | 0.58 | - | 7.00 | |
FB/K3PO4 | 117–240 | 0.60 | - | 7.20 |
240–360 | 2.72 | 277.8 | 23.05 | |
360–520 | 1.12 | 440.4 | 13.25 |
Sample | Temperature Range, °C | Coates–Redfern | Arrhenius | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mechanism | Ea | Mechanism | Ea | ||
FB | 261–346 | D2 | 101 | D2 | 99 |
346–456 | R3 | 87 | R1.5 | 81 | |
LB | 277–352 | D2 | 114 | D2 | 110 |
352–487 | R3 | 90 | R3 | 88 | |
SB | 262–347 | D2 | 112 | D1 | 115 |
347–482 | R3 | 73 | R3 | 69 | |
CB | 262–347 | D2 | 101 | D1 | 97 |
347–477 | R3 | 76 | R3 | 70 | |
FB/KCl | 237–337 | D3 | 82 | D2 | 80 |
337–617 | R3 | 43 | R3 | 47 | |
FB/K3PO4 | 152–237 | D2 | 23 | D2 | 20 |
267–392 | R3 | 44 | R3 | 45 | |
442–497 | R1.5 | 34 | R1.5 | 38 |
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Fetisova, O.Y.; Mikova, N.M.; Chudina, A.I.; Kazachenko, A.S. Kinetic Study of Pyrolysis of Coniferous Bark Wood and Modified Fir Bark Wood. Fire 2023, 6, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6020059
Fetisova OY, Mikova NM, Chudina AI, Kazachenko AS. Kinetic Study of Pyrolysis of Coniferous Bark Wood and Modified Fir Bark Wood. Fire. 2023; 6(2):59. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6020059
Chicago/Turabian StyleFetisova, Olga Yu., Nadezhda M. Mikova, Anna I. Chudina, and Aleksandr S. Kazachenko. 2023. "Kinetic Study of Pyrolysis of Coniferous Bark Wood and Modified Fir Bark Wood" Fire 6, no. 2: 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6020059