Experimental Study on Low-Velocity Impact Performance of GFRP Trapezoidal Corrugated Sandwich Structures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Specimens and Experiments
2.1. Material and Specimen Description
2.2. Preparation Process of the Specimens
2.3. Test Method
3. Experimental Results and Discussions
3.1. Impact Positions of Sandwich Structures
3.1.1. Response of Node Impacts
3.1.2. Response of Base Impacts
3.2. The Effects of Impactor Shape
3.3. The Effects of Impactor Diameter
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Under scenarios of increased impact energy, principle failure modes of sandwich structures consist of three stages. At a low level of impact energy, the damage modes of sandwich structures are mainly tensile tearing in the upper panel. As impact energy increases, the core wall experiences buckling, crushing fracture, and delamination. When the impact energy is high, the lower panel sustains tensile tearing, and the sandwich structure is penetrated.
- (2)
- It is clear that the impact position can influence the damage mechanism of sandwich structures. Under the same impact energy, the maximum impact load generated at node impact significantly exceeds that of base impact, especially when the impact energy is relatively low. However, the impact displacement of the impactor at base impact is larger than that of the node impact.
- (3)
- By comparing damage modes with flat and hemispherical impactors, it is found that the penetrated energy required for the hemispherical impactor to impact the sandwich panel is less than that of the flat impactor. As a result, the smaller the contact surface of the impactor, the more concentrated the stress, and the easier it is to penetrate the sandwich structures.
- (4)
- When the impact energy and impactor shape remain unchanged, the overall impact damage degree of the sandwich structure reduces with the rise in impactor diameter. With the node position impacted by the impactor, the damage evolution of the core changes more significantly with impactor diameter. On the other hand, when the impactor impacts the base position, the damage to the upper panel changes more obviously as the impactor diameter increases.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Moduli (GPa) | Strength (MPa) | Poisson Ratios | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
E11 | 25.8 | XT | 559 | v12 | 0.1 |
E22 | 23.5 | XC | 552 | v13 | 0.25 |
E33 | 8.0 | YT | 418 | v23 | 0.25 |
G12 | 3.3 | YC | 460 | — | — |
G13 | 2.8 | ZT | 120 | — | — |
G23 | 2.8 | ZC | 500 | — | — |
h (mm) | 2a (mm) | β | d (mm) | t (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 24.78 | 60° | 4 | 1 |
Impact Energy | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Impact position/J | 25 | 50 | 75 | 100 | 125 |
Node impact maximum force/KN | 9.15 | 9.39 | 8.65 | 9.54 | 10.50 |
Base impact maximum force/KN | 4.59 | 4.35 | 8.36 | 8.19 | 9.77 |
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Deng, Y.; Deng, Y.; Liu, W.; Zhang, S.; Tian, K. Experimental Study on Low-Velocity Impact Performance of GFRP Trapezoidal Corrugated Sandwich Structures. J. Compos. Sci. 2023, 7, 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7070272
Deng Y, Deng Y, Liu W, Zhang S, Tian K. Experimental Study on Low-Velocity Impact Performance of GFRP Trapezoidal Corrugated Sandwich Structures. Journal of Composites Science. 2023; 7(7):272. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7070272
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeng, Yunfei, Yao Deng, Wenquan Liu, Shitong Zhang, and Kuo Tian. 2023. "Experimental Study on Low-Velocity Impact Performance of GFRP Trapezoidal Corrugated Sandwich Structures" Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 7: 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7070272