Proceedings, 2020, SP 2020

Circular Economy is the solution for the current environmental crisis, representing a huge economic opportunity to build new sustainable businesses. However, many barriers need to be faced for its implementation at industrial scale—firstly, the lack of data sharing between the different stakeholders of product value-chains. The DigiPrime project is an EU-funded Innovation Action aimed at developing and demonstrating a digital platform with services able to unlock innovative cross-sectorial business models for the remanufacturing and recycling of target value-added products. In this paper, the concept behind the DigiPrime project is reported, with a particular focus on the construction sector. Full article

During the last few decades, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising sustainable alternative to traditional fuel cars. The work presented here is carried out in the context of the Horizon 2020 project MERLON and targets the impact of EVs on electrical grid load profiles, while considering both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation modes. Three different charging policies are considered: the uncontrolled charging, which acts as a reference scenario, and two strategies that fall under the umbrella of individual charging policies based on price incentive strategies. Electricity prices along with the EV user preferences are taken into account for both charging (G2V) and discharging (V2G) operations, allowing for more realistic scenarios to be considered. Full article

Three Horizon 2020 projects, EEnvest, Triple-A and QUEST, are exploring innovative approaches to de-risking energy efficiency investments, focusing on how to render those investments attractive to the financial sector. EEnvest aims to develop a platform in order to contribute to the risk reduction for building energy efficiency investments, Triple-A focuses on enhancing at an early stage the investment value chain of energy efficiency projects and, finally, QUEST wants to improve the quality of management investments in energy efficiency. Full article

The study monitored 10 real European buildings to identify comfort enhancement potential and energy saving potential based on changing the behavior of building users. The results show that the office building could have saved up to EUR 2500 in energy during the study period while the healthcare centers could have saved more than EUR 1000. The highest energy saving potential is related to the use of the Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system. It has also been found out that there is a potential to improve comfort conditions in all the pilot buildings. The highest potential on comfort is identified in the improvement of the luminance conditions. Full article

HARP, or heating appliances retrofit planning, aims at motivating individuals to plan the replacement of their often outdated and fossil-fuel operated heating appliances with more efficient alternatives. The project, which starts its first heating campaign in winter 2020, expects to reach this goal thanks to the creation of a labeling heating system classification through the development of a user-friendly application (HARPa) and the active participation of professionals in the sector. Full article

In the framework of the PVadapt H2020 project, a sustainable and fully adaptable building-integrated photovoltaic–thermal (BIPVT) system of substantially lower cost than conventional in-market solutions will be developed. A flexible automated process will be employed to produce PV modules as well as elements with integrated heat pipe-based heat recovery. These active energy components will be combined with passive components with structural, thermal, and other functions to produce prefabricated modules. A smart envelope System, featuring grid connectivity, load prediction/shifting, and insolation/temperature predictive algorithms, will be integrated in the BIPVT to maximize energy efficiency and cost saving. The unit cost of production, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and the payback period of the multifunctional BIPVT module will be below 200 €/m², 2 ct/kWh, and 10 years, respectively. Full article

In this paper, the application of demand-side flexibility to residential users and energy communities is discussed. From the H2020 project HOLISDER, it appears that selected Key Exploitable Results are not commercially interesting on their own as flexibility services but certainly are an add-on by cross-value stacking to regular energy services. For groups of prosumers, such as energy communities, cross-stacking can enlarge the awareness and commitment within the communities and, therefore, play an important role in the uptake of citizen communities as promoted by the EU Green Energy Package. Full article

District heating networks deliver around 13% of the heating energy in the EU, being considered as a key element of the progressive decarbonization of Europe. The H2020 REnewable Low TEmperature District project (RELaTED) seeks to contribute to the energy decarbonization of these infrastructures through the development and demonstration of the following concepts: reduction in network temperature down to 50 °C, integration of renewable energies and waste heat sources with a novel substation concept, and improvement on building-integrated solar thermal systems. The coupling of renewable thermal sources with ultra-low temperature district heating (DH) allows for a bidirectional energy flow, using the DH as both thermal storage in periods of production surplus and a back-up heating source during consumption peaks. The ultra-low temperature enables the integration of a wide range of energy sources such as waste heat from industry. Furthermore, RELaTED also develops concepts concerning district heating-connected reversible heat pump systems that allow to reach adequate thermal levels for domestic hot water as well as the use of the network for district cooling with high performance. These developments will be demonstrated in four locations: Estonia, Serbia, Denmark, and Spain. Full article

Digital transformation in the built environment is a fact that will shape the industry, increasing its efficiency and improving its quality. However, there are many challenges still facing the industry to complete this transformation. Under this theme, during the Sustainable Places 2020 virtual conference on 28th October 2020, nine EU-funded research projects gathered in a workshop to showcase their projects and demonstrate some of the innovative solutions developed within their projects. This post-workshop report gives brief information about the participant projects. It outlines the main topics covered in the presentations and, moreover, highlights the main innovative tools presented in this workshop. The representatives agreed that strengthening the synergy among different their projects would be a benefit for all. Full article

Due to end-users’ habit being one of the prominent factors influencing building performance, changing user behavior to encourage energy efficient habits has tremendous potential to facilitate energy savings. Four ongoing European projects, eTeacher, FEEdBACk, InBetween, and UtilitEE, developed ICT solutions achieve this change through triggering mechanisms, informative feedback, gamification, and automation services within a human-centric and context aware framework. This paper provides each project’s methodology to enhance end-user engagement of their respective approach, methodology to assess the expected results, technical and legal challenges, and the preliminary results of their ICT solutions, which have also been presented at Sustainable Places 2020 conference. Full article

This study provides an estimation of pay-4-performance (P4P) rates that energy providers are willing to offer in a P4P scheme in EU according to the classification of Energy efficiency measures (classes of EEMs). Seven different categories of EEMs are identified and 4 different tables for evaluating the EEMs are devised. After devising the classes of EEMs, the P4P rate concept is presented through the mechanism of the Energy Efficiency obligation schemes and considering the energy providers’ perspective. The proposed approach is not focused on quantifying the P4P rates, but on identifying which variables and parameters can affect these rates. Full article

Despite its proven potential for systemic change, large-scale investment (both public and private) in sustainable homes still faces barriers, often caused by insecurity about personal, societal and financial returns on investment and a lack of clarity about concrete elements of sustainable age-friendly living environments and the choice of building, retrofitting and adaptation measures to be implemented. The projects that contributed to this workshop are developing solutions to tackle these barriers and propose a holistic and integrated approach to progress on implementation. Full article

Heat-to-Fuel is a 48-month research and innovation project, funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 (EU H2020) Framework Program, which the main objective is to deliver the next generation of biofuel production technologies supporting the decarbonization of the transportation sector by integrating its novel technologies together with innovative activities on design, modeling, development of hardware and processes, testing and life cycle analysis of a fully integrated system. The Heat-to-Fuel concept consists of a biorefinery that combines hydrothermal liquefaction, aqueous phase reforming and Fischer–Tropsch processes to convert wet and solid organic wastes into 2nd generation biofuels with the highest efficiency. Having reached almost 75% of the Heat-to-Fuel project’s execution, a review on the main research outcomes and publications derived from the Heat-to-Fuel project activities are presented within this paper. Full article

DRIvE (Demand Response Integration Technologies) is a research and innovation project funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Program, whose main objective is unlocking the demand response potential in the distribution grid. DRIvE presented how the use of digital twins de-risks the implementation of demand response applications at the “Flexibility 2.0: Demand response and self-consumption based on the prosumer of Europe’s low carbon future” workshop within the conference “Sustainable Places 2020”. This workshop was organized to cluster and foster knowledge transfer between several EU projects, each developing innovative solutions within the field of demand response, energy flexibility, and optimized synergies between actors of the built environment and the power grid. Full article

This paper presents two renovation management tools that are currently being developed in BIM4EEB project: BIMPlanner—a planning and management tool for housing renovation projects —and BIM4Occupants—a coordination tool between contractors and occupants. An information-sharing layer, based on ontologies and linked data technologies, is an essential technical enabler of these tools. The layer allows data sharing across the different components of the toolkit. The tools aim to enhance information sharing between renovation stakeholders and to enrich BIM data with links to other relevant data in renovation projects. Full article

This workshop brought together a selection of H2020 EU-funded projects involving experts from the biomass, geothermal, solar thermal, and heat pump sectors to discuss a common strategy for increasing the use of renewable energy technologies for heating and cooling for buildings and industry. Full article

On October 29th the workshop corresponding to the mid-term conference of BIM4EEB (Acronym of BIM Based Toolkit for Efficient rEnovation in Buildings, Horizon Project under grant agreement N. 820660 ) project was held during the Sustainable Places 2020 event. The main focus of the workshop was a general introduction of the project combined with vertical insights on the single tools that have been developed or are still in development. BIM4EEB grows from simple consideration: according to a BPIE analysis on EPC data, about 97% of building stock, currently not in A level, must be upgraded to achieve 2030 decarbonization objectives. As the biggest energy consumers, buildings consume about 40% of energy and they are responsible for 36% of CO₂—they are strategic in order to reach the set of environmental goals and subjected to renovation and refurbishment during their lifecycle according to a specific schedule. Refurbishment becomes the crucial point of sustainability not only in construction but also in the environment in general for the coming years. The BIM4EEB project focuses on implementing a complete BIM (Building Information Modelling)-based toolkit to be adopted in the renovation of existing residential buildings to make the flow of information efficient, to enhance communication and data transfer decreasing intervention working time while improving building performances, quality, and comfort for inhabitants. The platform that controls all the tools developed for the best performance of renovation is BIMMS (Acronym of Building Information Modelling Management System platform), namely a management system linked to an operational and multifunctional toolkit for different AEC stakeholders, offering tools for increasing the adoption of BIM in renovation businesses based on an interoperable flow of information. During the workshop, six development tools have been explored in addition to the BIM Management System: BIM4EEB Fast Mapping of Buildings Toolkit, BIM4EEB BIMeaser tool, BIM4EEB BIM4Occupants tool, BIM4EEB Auteras tool, BIM4EEB BIMcpd tool, and BIM4EEB BIMPlanner tool Full article

One of the main challenges of the construction industry is the management of the huge amount of data generated by the stakeholders during the whole lifecycle of the buildings. Data needs to be found, collected, shared, and updated minimizing the process and technological inefficiencies. Recent advances have been seen in the adoption of BIM-based approaches and in the implementation of CDE as an agreed source of information. This paper describes the development of the BIM management system as a platform to manage the building lifecycle data using the linked data paradigm to improve the interoperability and the interdisciplinary collaboration Full article

Few small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have undertaken an energy audit to date and even fewer have taken action to implement energy-saving measures. Lack of time, knowledge, and finance, coupled with the low priority that SMEs give to energy management, are the most commonly cited barriers to effective energy management in SMEs. Four projects funded by Horizon 2020 (SPEEDIER, SMEmPower Efficiency, E2DRIVER, and Innoveas) have developed innovative capacity-building programmes designed to eliminate these barriers and encourage SMEs to undertake energy audits and implement the recommended energy efficiency measures. This paper presents an overview of the innovations being tested and suggests a series of policy recommendations that could help to drive uptake of energy audits in SMEs. Full article

To achieve the “well below 2 degrees” targets, a new ecosystem needs to be defined where citizens become more active, co-managing with relevant stakeholders, the government, and third parties. This means moving from the traditional concept of citizens-as-consumers towards energy citizenship. Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) will be the test-bed area where this transformation will take place through social, technological, and governance innovation. This paper focuses on benefits and barriers towards energy citizenships and gathers a diverse set of experiences for the definition of PEDs and Local Energy Markets from the Horizon2020 Smart Cities and Communities projects: Making City, Pocityf, and Atelier. Full article

The European building industry is facing a strong increase of renovation processes, which are still non-cost-effective, involve unproperly coordinated stakeholders, are disturbing for the occupants, and imply important inefficiencies of the overall renovation process. In this context, digitalization and Building Information Modeling (BIM), as an enabler, is the key challenge that may drive the renovation interventions to ensure a successful process covering the whole value chain of actors to achieve its full potential. This research describes the OpenBIM methodology applied to transform the implicit knowledge from the stakeholders involved in a building renovation process into an IDDS digital process. Full article

Using the semantic information available in building information models (BIM) during the whole project lifecycle enables faster, safer, and efficient construction, cost-effective operation and maintenance, and cost-effective eventual decommissioning. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of how sustainability rating systems can exploit the BIM approach for an easy collection of data and information and assessment of indicators to reach building certification. This paper is a part of the BIM4REN project, which is dedicated to developing an open-access platform of tools for the digitalization of the building renovation process specifically tailored for SMEs (Small and medium-sized enterprises). Full article

The new Circular Economy System requires an innovative approach to the management of information. The FiberEUse IT platform is a solution that enables the exchange of information among stakeholders that works into and across the glass and carbon fibers value chains, from the design to the end of the circle of life. The IT solution supports companies in scouting new potential market applications and search information about companies, manufacturing processes, and objects. Those objects had been defined “circular entities” and can be products, materials, semi-manufactured objects, wastes, among others. The information available for each circular entity is the one which the company itself wants to share and can propose: description, informative details, technical details, processes adopted to create it, consultancy services used, etc. To obtain this necessary variety, the data model had been structured in a polymorphic way; being able to serve different product histories without the ambition to create a common and classic entity relationship schema but thinking by high level object-oriented design. Full article

RESPOND proposes an Artificial Intelligent (AI) system to assist residential consumers that would like to make use of Demand Response (DR) and incorporate it into their energy management systems. The proposed system considers the forecast energy consumption based on the data acquired. This work compares the results obtained by different forecasting methods using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as a measure of the forecast performance. The ARIMA, Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) models are tested, and it is concluded that the results achieved with the KNN obtain a better fit. In addition to obtaining the lowest RMSE, KNN is the algorithm that spends less time in obtaining the forecasts. Full article

This paper assesses storage applications from an environmental, economic and technical dimension. Three different demonstration set-ups are considered, as well as one large-scale simulation. The results emphasize that storage needs to be tailored to a specific purpose and tradeoffs between the three perspectives have to be considered to benefit the entire energy system. Currently, system integration and the possibility to use the grid as storage are hampering the potential of storage. It is however shown that storage can provide valuable technical and environmental benefits to the grid and possibly defer grid investment. Full article

Given the important role entrepreneurship can play in the energy transition, in this paper we set out to better understand how more radical business models and entrepreneurial journeys are shaped by the institutional context and other system factors within which they aim to scale up. The aim was to explore research questions related to how more radical business models and services, and the entrepreneurs developing them, deal with the system around them, and what the system conditions are that either limit or facilitate the flourishing of those energy services that are potentially strong contributors to the energy transition because they challenge the existing system. Full article

In this workshop we discussed the progress and results of six Horizon 2020 projects—INSTRUCT, BIMEET, The nZEB Roadshow, TRAIN4SUSTAIN, HP4All, and BUSLeague—about how to increase the number of skilled building professionals and/or blue-collar workers across the building design, operation, and maintenance value chain (designers, architects, engineers, building managers, technicians, installers, blue-collar workers including apprentices, and other building professionals), with a specific focus on the engagement of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Full article

It is important to assess the effectiveness of different energy refurbishment scenarios in the early design stages of apartment buildings. This paper demonstrates the main features of a new tool BIMeaser (BIM Early Stage Energy Scenario - a product of the European Union Horizon 2020 project BIM4EEB), which supports the decision-making process in the early stage of design. The tool uses the BIM and linked data from the BIM Management System (BIMMS) for faster initialisation of the actual state, resulting in more accurate building models. The tool finds solutions in accordance with the client’s requirements while also aiming to minimize energy use and maximize the occupant’s indoor climate comfort. Full article

The nearly Zero Energy building (nZEB) renovation market is currently the key feature in the construction sector. RenoZEB aims to develop a systematic approach for retrofitting by assembling different technologies in a plug and play building envelope. This paper presents the methodology used to transform the RenoZEB concept in the design system. A multi-criteria decision matrix is used for the selection of the best façade technologies within the market while the analysis of the existing building conditions allows to develop a replicable approach for designing deep retrofitting intervention through a plug&play façade. The methodology appears to be a valuable support for the selection of technologies and allows to define a design guideline for the envelope. Full article

There is a large potential to integrate substantial shares of renewable energy and waste heat sources in district heating and/or cooling networks (DHC), reducing dependency of DHC on fossil fuels and ultimately leading to a more efficient and sustainable energy system. Several EU funded projects are currently working on this topic. The objective of the workshop aimed to share the WEDISTRICT project concept with other sister projects and interested stakeholders in order to exchange new ideas, lessons learnt from implementation and proposals about the successful integration of renewable technologies in DHC and urban regeneration. Full article

Although it has been demonstrated that demand-side flexibility is possible, business application of residential and small tertiary demand response programs has been slow to develop. This paper presents a holistic demand response optimization framework that enables significant energy costs reduction for consumers. Moreover, buildings are introduced as main contributors to balance energy networks. The solution basis consists of a modular interoperability and data management framework that enables open standards-based communication along the demand response value chain. The solution is being validated in four large-scale pilot sites, which have diverse building types, energy systems and energy carriers. Furthermore, they offer diverse climatic conditions, and demographic and cultural characteristics to establish representative results. Full article

Effective and efficient building renovations require significant data management and analysis. The ability to store, analyse, and display this data in a user-friendly way can play an important role in easing the process. The tools developed by authors of this paper during their work in the BIM4EEB research project are contained in three distinct intuitive applications that will allow users to (a) find recommended positions for HVAC, lighting, and other devices; (b) analyse data from sensors, energy bills, and other sources (weather for example); and (c) manage the data that they have on the above and create new data sets that they can share with other tools. Full article