Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Melt-Filtered, Blended and Reprocessed Post-Consumer WEEE Thermoplastics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Processing Equipment
Twin Screw Extrusion | Temperature Profile (“Hopper to Die”) |
---|---|
T1 | 140-170-170-180-180-170 °C |
T1.5 | 150-180-180-190-190-180 °C |
T2 | 160-190-190-200-200-190 °C |
T2.5 | 170-200-200-210-210-200 °C |
T3 | 180-210-210-220-220-210 °C |
Cavity Standard: | ISO 3167-B | ISO 527-2-5B |
---|---|---|
Parameter/Dimensions | ||
Thickness | 4 mm | 1 mm |
Mass (including sample, runners, sprue) | 14 g | 3.9 g |
Total Cycle Time | 30 s | 11 s |
Injection Time | 0.7 s | 0.2 s |
Holding Pressure Time | 8 s | 2 s |
Total Cooling Time | 24 s | 5 s |
Holding Pressure | 700 bar | 800 bar |
2.3. Material Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mechanical Properties
Samples | Tensile Modulus (GPa) | Yield Stress (MPa) | Stress at Break (MPa) | Elongation at Break (%) | Elongation at Yield (%) | Number of Samples Yielding |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WEEEBR TSE 60-T1 | 1.20 ± 0.02 | 30.1 ± 0.4 | - | 4.2 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | 7/7 |
WEEEBR TSE 60-T2 | 1.24 ± 0.01 | 31.6 ± 0.7 | - | 5.0 ± 1 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 7/7 |
WEEEBR TSE 60-T3 | 1.23 ± 0.01 | 30.5 ** | 28.8 ± 0.5 * | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ** | 1/7 |
WEEEBR TSE 90-T1 | 1.24 ± 0.02 | 31.5 ± 0.5 * | 31.4 ** | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.1 * | 6/7 |
WEEEBR TSE 120-T1 | 1.25 ± 0.01 | 30.4 ** | 29.9 ** | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ** | 4/7 |
WEEEBR TSE 120-T3 | 1.29 ± 0.02 | - | 28.1 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | - | 0/7 |
TBV TSE 60-T1 | 1.05 ± 0.03 | 28.6 ± 1.2 | - | 22 ± 9 | 3.4 ± 0.2 | 7/7 |
TBV TSE 60-T3 | 1.16 ± 0.01 | 30.7 ± 0.5 | - | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 7/7 |
TBV TSE 120-T3 | 1.19 ± 0.03 | 30.3 ± 0.4 | - | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.0 | 7/7 |
TBR TSE 60-T1 | 1.24 ± 0.04 | 33.1 ± 1.1 | - | 13 ± 6 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 7/7 |
TBR TSE 60-T3 | 1.32 ± 0.06 | 34.7 ± 0.4 | - | 8.7 ± 5 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 7/7 |
3.2. Thermal Properties
Samples | PE Melting Peak (°C) | PP Melting Onset (°C) | PP Melting Peak (°C) | PP Melting Point (°C) | PP Enthalpy of Fusion (J/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WEEEBR Granules | 128 | 153 | 164 | 169 | 8 |
WEEEBR SSE-180 | 128 | 155 | 164 | 168 | 10 |
WEEEBR SSE-220 | 129 | 155 | 165 | 169 | 9 |
WEEEBR TSE-T1 | 129 | 158 | 163 | 170 | 9 |
WEEEBR TSE-T3 | 130 | 156 | 166 | 170 | 9 |
WEEEBR TSE + IM-LT | 128 | 154 | 164 | 169 | 10 |
WEEEBR IM-LT | 128 | 153 | 164 | 170 | 8 |
WEEEBR IM-HT | 130 | 158 | 165 | 171 | 9 |
TBR TSE-T1 | 129 | 152 | 163 | 169 | 4 |
TBV TSE-T1 | - | 151 | 161 | 168 | 7 |
TBV TSE-T3 | - | 152 | 162 | 167 | 7 |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stenvall, E.; Boldizar, A. Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Melt-Filtered, Blended and Reprocessed Post-Consumer WEEE Thermoplastics. Recycling 2016, 1, 89-100. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling1010089
Stenvall E, Boldizar A. Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Melt-Filtered, Blended and Reprocessed Post-Consumer WEEE Thermoplastics. Recycling. 2016; 1(1):89-100. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling1010089
Chicago/Turabian StyleStenvall, Erik, and Antal Boldizar. 2016. "Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Melt-Filtered, Blended and Reprocessed Post-Consumer WEEE Thermoplastics" Recycling 1, no. 1: 89-100. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling1010089