HCMV miRNA Targets Reveal Important Cellular Pathways for Viral Replication, Latency, and Reactivation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. HCMV miRNAs and Immune Evasion
2.1. NFκB Signaling
2.2. Inhibition of NK Cell Activating Receptors
2.3. miRNA Regulation of Cytokine Production and Secretion
3. HCMV miRNA Regulation of Cell Survival and Proliferation
3.1. Regulation of Apoptosis by HCMV miRNAs
3.2. Cell Cycle Regulation by HCMV miRNAs
4. HCMV miRNAs and Viral Latency
5. Considerations for Studying HCMV miRNAs
6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target | miRNA | Effect of the miRNA | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
ACVR1B | miR-UL148D | Inhibits IL-6 secretion in response to activin | [43] |
ATG5 | miR-UL112-3p miR-US22-5p miR-US29-5p | Inhibits autophagy | [46] |
BclAF1 | miR-UL112 | Promotes viral gene expression and replication | [47] |
BRCC3 | miR-US25-1 | Promotes apoptosis | [48] |
CASP2 | miR-US4-5p | Inhibits apoptosis | [46] |
CASP3 | miR-US25-2-3p miR-UL112-5p miR-UL22A-5p | Inhibits apoptosis | [46] |
CASP7 | miR-UL22A-3p miR-US4-3p | Inhibits apoptosis | [46] |
CCND1 | miR-US33-5p | Cell cycle? | [46] |
CD147 | miR-US25-1-5p | Reduced proinflammatory cytokine production | [49] |
CDK6 | miR-UL36-3p miR-US4-3p miR-US5-1 miR-US5-2-3p miR-US25-1-3p miR-US25-2-3p | Suppress cell cycle progression | [46] |
Cyclin E2 TRIM28 | miR-US25-1 | Cell cycle? | [50] |
eIF4A1 | miR-US25-2-3p | Inhibits HCMV replication and host cell proliferation | [51] |
ERAP | miR-US4? * miR-UL112-5p | Inhibits processing and presentation of pp65 to cytotoxic T lymphocytes | [52,53] |
FAS | miR-UL36-3p miR-US5-1 miR-US5-2-3p | Inhibits apoptosis | [46] |
Geminin | miR-US5-1 | Enhanced cell proliferation Increased number of cells in S phase | [54] |
IER5 | miR-UL148D | Increased CDC25B expression Limit IE gene expression Latency Establishment | [44] |
IEX-1 | miR-UL148D | Inhibits apoptosis | [55] |
IKKα and IKKβ | miR-US5-1 miR-UL112-3p | Modulate NFκB pathway Reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion | [56] |
IL-32 | miR-UL112-3p | Reduced IL-32 expression during HCMV infection | [57] |
MICB | miR-UL112-3p | Inhibits NK cell cytotoxicity | [58] |
PAK2 | miR-US4-5p | Promotes apoptosis | [59] |
QARS | miR-US4? * | Inhibits apoptosis | [52] |
RANTES | miR-UL148D | Reduced RANTES secretion | [60] |
SLC25A6 (ANT3) | miR-UL36-5p | Inhibits apoptosis | [61] |
TLR2 | miR-UL112-3p | Reduced proinflammatory cytokine production | [62] |
Vamp3 Rab5c Rab11a SNAP23 CDC42 | miR-US5-1 miR-US5-2 miR-UL112 | VAC Formation Inhibits proinflammatory cytokine secretion | [63] |
HCMV IE72 | miR-UL112-3p | Limit IE gene expression during latency Evade detection by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes | [64,65] |
HCMV UL112/UL113 HCMV UL120/UL121 | miR-UL112-3p | Inhibits IE gene expression and HCMV DNA replication | [37] |
HCMV UL138 | miR-UL-36 | Promotes HCMV DNA synthesis | |
HCMV US7 | miR-US5-1 miR-US5-2 | Reduced US7 expression | [66] |
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Diggins, N.L.; Hancock, M.H. HCMV miRNA Targets Reveal Important Cellular Pathways for Viral Replication, Latency, and Reactivation. Non-Coding RNA 2018, 4, 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna4040029
Diggins NL, Hancock MH. HCMV miRNA Targets Reveal Important Cellular Pathways for Viral Replication, Latency, and Reactivation. Non-Coding RNA. 2018; 4(4):29. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna4040029
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiggins, Nicole L., and Meaghan H. Hancock. 2018. "HCMV miRNA Targets Reveal Important Cellular Pathways for Viral Replication, Latency, and Reactivation" Non-Coding RNA 4, no. 4: 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna4040029