Mercury in Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer and Its Underlying Substrate—Environmental and Health Risks Assessment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Statistical Analysis and Data Processing
2.2. Study Areas, Sampling, and Sample Preparation
2.3. Sample Analysis
2.4. Risk Assessment
2.5. Health Risk Assessment
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake—PTWI
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mercury in Soil/Substrate Samples
3.2. Soil Pollution
3.3. Mercury in M. procera Fruiting Bodies
3.4. Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) and Cap/Stem Quotient (Qc/s)
3.5. Health Risk Assessment
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Locality | n | Coordinates (VGS 84) | Altitude (m) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bojná | 15 | 48.591916 | 18.021600 | 390 |
Divina | 6 | 49.286883 | 18.691366 | 423 |
Duchonka | 9 | 48.663350 | 18.094166 | 275 |
Hodruša-Hámre | 21 | 48.468566 | 18.755716 | 409 |
Jedľové Kostoľany | 9 | 48.495283 | 18.454450 | 420 |
Krajné | 15 | 48.707103 | 17.688867 | 289 |
Kráľovce | 20 | 48.326200 | 18.986500 | 229 |
Lazy pod Makytou | 12 | 49.244400 | 18.225650 | 542 |
Limbach | 7 | 48.294658 | 17.200095 | 420 |
Lozorno | 8 | 48.335600 | 17.063083 | 220 |
Nemečky | 6 | 48.683833 | 18.105333 | 298 |
Orovnica | 8 | 48.366516 | 18.575166 | 254 |
Pezinská Baba | 8 | 48.337583 | 17.200451 | 537 |
Pitelová | 5 | 48.618097 | 18.913429 | 480 |
Sitnianska Lehôtka | 20 | 48.312333 | 18.961416 | 232 |
Skýcov | 10 | 48.476183 | 18.454166 | 473 |
Snina | 7 | 48.976100 | 22.194766 | 260 |
Solčany | 8 | 48.537475 | 18.198736 | 385 |
Šachtička | 6 | 48.803309 | 19.150328 | 1009 |
Štiavnik | 6 | 49.312900 | 18.412250 | 655 |
Tesáre | 15 | 48.604333 | 18.073000 | 251 |
Zbyňov | 9 | 49.124650 | 18.639466 | 378 |
Sampling Locality | Soil/Substrate | Mushroom | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hg (mg kg−1 DW) AVG ± S.D. Min–Max | Igeo * | Cf * | PER * | Hgcap (mg kg−1 DW) AVG ± S.D. Min–Max | Hgstem (mg kg−1 DW) AVG ± S.D. Min–Max | BAFcap * | BAFstem * | Qc/s * | %PTWIcap * | %PTWIstem * | |
Bojná | 0.09 ± 0.03 0.03–0.15 | 1.41 | −0.20 | 56.5 | 2.09 ± 1.17 0.06–4.57 | 1.00 ± 0.46 0.05–1.55 | 24.7 | 11.7 | 2.10 | 61.3 | 29.2 |
Divina | 0.13 ± 0.02 0.11–0.16 | 2.23 | 0.56 | 89.3 | 3.57 ± 1.66 1.84–6.29 | 1.75 ± 0.66 0.84–2.70 | 26.6 | 13.0 | 2.04 | 105 | 51.2 |
Duchonka | 0.11 ± 0.05 0.05–0.18 | 1.79 | 0.12 | 71.6 | 1.89 ± 0.67 0.75–3.01 | 1.18 ± 0.29 0.65–1.61 | 17.6 | 10.9 | 1.61 | 55.3 | 34.5 |
Hodruša-Hámre | 0.07 ± 0.03 0.03–0.14 | 1.10 | −0.54 | 44.1 | 1.07 ± 0.60 0.07–2.86 | 0.69 ± 0.36 0.04–1.59 | 16.2 | 10.5 | 1.55 | 31.5 | 20.3 |
Jedľové Kostoľany | 0.08 ± 0.03 0.04–0.11 | 1.31 | −0.30 | 52.6 | 1.64 ± 1.49 0.77–5.75 | 0.91 ± 0.61 0.49–2.51 | 20.8 | 11.5 | 1.81 | 48.2 | 26.6 |
Krajné | 0.10 ± 0.06 0.05–0.27 | 1.71 | 0.00 | 68.2 | 1.94 ± 0.49 1.16–2.95 | 1.31 ± 0.42 0.45–1.82 | 19.0 | 12.8 | 1.49 | 57.0 | 38.3 |
Kráľovce | 0.06 ± 0.02 0.04–0.11 | 0.94 | −0.73 | 37.5 | 0.89 ± 0.30 0.44–1.72 | 0.73 ± 0.23 0.44–1.59 | 15.7 | 13.0 | 1.21 | 26.0 | 21.5 |
Lazy pod Makytou | 0.09 ± 0.02 0.06–0.13 | 1.53 | −0.02 | 61.1 | 2.28 ± 0.87 1.22–4.00 | 1.46 ± 0.64 0.67–2.83 | 24.9 | 16.0 | 1.56 | 66.9 | 42.9 |
Limbach | 0.07 ± 0.04 0.02–0.12 | 1.19 | −0.61 | 47.5 | 2.73 ± 1.28 1.58–5.16 | 1.64 ± 0.60 0.92–2.70 | 38.3 | 23.1 | 1.66 | 80.0 | 48.2 |
Lozorno | 0.04 ± 0.02 0.02–0.07 | 1.10 | −0.74 | 43.8 | 1.59 ± 0.88 0.04–2.86 | 1.19 ± 0.69 0.03–2.17 | 43.9 | 33.0 | 1.33 | 46.5 | 34.9 |
Nemečky | 0.11 ± 0.03 0.07–0.17 | 1.15 | −0.38 | 46.1 | 1.03 ± 0.26 0.49–1.37 | 0.73 ± 0.16 0.58–1.04 | 9.76 | 6.95 | 1.40 | 30.1 | 21.5 |
Orovnica | 0.07 ± 0.00 0.06–0.08 | 1.82 | 0.16 | 72.9 | 1.43 ± 0.41 0.95–2.15 | 0.79 ± 0.22 0.51–1.15 | 20.8 | 11.5 | 1.81 | 42.1 | 23.3 |
Pezinská Baba | 0.12 ± 0.04 0.07–0.19 | 1.52 | −0.12 | 60.9 | 2.81 ± 1.38 0.29–5.14 | 1.81 ± 0.71 0.24–2.64 | 22.9 | 14.7 | 1.56 | 82.5 | 53.0 |
Pitelová | 0.09 ± 0.05 0.05–0.18 | 11.4 | 2.86 | 455 | 4.14 ± 1.12 2.32–5.74 | 2.21 ± 0.26 1.86–2.66 | 46.9 | 25.1 | 1.87 | 121 | 64.9 |
Sitnianska lehôtka | 0.07 ± 0.03 0.04–0.14 | 2.23 | 0.46 | 89.2 | 1.08 ± 0.34 0.47–1.65 | 0.78 ± 0.27 0.31–1.28 | 15.4 | 11.0 | 1.40 | 31.8 | 22.7 |
Skýcov | 0.13 ± 0.02 0.10–0.17 | 2.04 | 0.43 | 81.5 | 1.77 ± 0.74 0.86–3.40 | 0.91 ± 0.30 0.34–1.45 | 13.3 | 6.81 | 1.95 | 52.0 | 26.7 |
Snina | 0.68 ± 0.19 0.37–0.89 | 1.56 | −0.01 | 62.3 | 2.32 ± 0.37 1.73–2.89 | 1.70 ± 0.39 1.25–2.53 | 3.40 | 2.50 | 1.36 | 68.1 | 50.0 |
Solčany | 0.13 ± 0.05 0.04–0.12 | 1.41 | −0.20 | 56.5 | 2.34 ± 0.77 1.44–3.75 | 1.21 ± 0.38 0.78–1.88 | 17.5 | 9.04 | 1.94 | 68.7 | 35.5 |
Šachtička | 0.12 ± 0.01 0.11–0.14 | 2.23 | 0.56 | 89.3 | 2.45 ± 0.13 2.23–2.65 | 1.74 ± 0.17 1.47–1.99 | 20.0 | 14.2 | 1.41 | 71.8 | 51.0 |
Štiavnik | 0.08 ± 0.02 0.06–0.10 | 1.79 | 0.12 | 71.6 | 1.75 ± 0.75 0.98–3.05 | 0.97 ± 0.43 0.44–1.50 | 22.5 | 12.5 | 1.80 | 51.3 | 28.4 |
Tesáre | 0.08 ± 0.02 0.05–0.11 | 1.10 | −0.54 | 44.1 | 1.21 ± 0.28 0.81–1.66 | 0.88 ± 0.22 0.61–1.35 | 15.2 | 11.0 | 1.38 | 35.5 | 25.7 |
Zbyňov | 0.13 ± 0.01 0.11–0.15 | 1.31 | −0.30 | 52.6 | 1.93 ± 0.66 1.06–3.26 | 1.06 ± 0.47 0.07–1.76 | 15.5 | 8.52 | 1.81 | 56.6 | 31.2 |
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Jančo, I.; Šnirc, M.; Hauptvogl, M.; Demková, L.; Franková, H.; Kunca, V.; Lošák, T.; Árvay, J. Mercury in Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer and Its Underlying Substrate—Environmental and Health Risks Assessment. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090772
Jančo I, Šnirc M, Hauptvogl M, Demková L, Franková H, Kunca V, Lošák T, Árvay J. Mercury in Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer and Its Underlying Substrate—Environmental and Health Risks Assessment. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(9):772. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090772
Chicago/Turabian StyleJančo, Ivona, Marek Šnirc, Martin Hauptvogl, Lenka Demková, Hana Franková, Vladimír Kunca, Tomáš Lošák, and Július Árvay. 2021. "Mercury in Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer and Its Underlying Substrate—Environmental and Health Risks Assessment" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090772