Ankle-Brachial Index and Arterial Stiffness, Modulate the Exertional Capacity of High-Frequency Training Athletes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Protocol
2.2. Cardio-Ankle-Vascular Index (CAVI)
2.3. Anthropometry and Body Composition
2.4. Exercise Treadmill-Stress-Testing
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Type of Sport and Result of the Treadmill Stress Test
3.2. Ankle-Brachial Index and Result of the Treadmill Stress Test
3.3. Mediation Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Runners 92 | Soccer-Players 148 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 23.52 (3.76) | 23.58 (3.91) | 0.91 |
Height (m) | 1.77 (0.06) | 1.79 (0.06) | 0.63 |
Weight (Kg) | 75.66 (6.34) | 75.33 (6.95) | 0.71 |
Cardio ankle vascular index right | 6.01 (0.59) | 5.80 (0.64) | 0.01 |
Cardio ankle vascular index left | 5.98 (0.63) | 5.75 (0.69) | 0.009 |
SBP brachial right (mm/Hg) 1 | 124.55 (6.86) | 124.22 (6.64) | 0.71 |
DBP brachial right (mm/Hg) 1 | 78.76 (9.53) | 69.10 (5.96) | 0.001 |
SBP ankle right (mm/Hg) 1 | 129.54 (12.04) | 124.12 (13.29) | 0.002 |
DBP ankle right (mm/Hg) 1 | 76.97 (10.74) | 69.56 (6.70) | 0.001 |
Ankle-brachial index right | 1.04 (0.09) | 1.00 (0.10) | 0.009 |
SBP brachial left (mm/Hg) 1 | 125.45 (5.38) | 125.14 (5.38) | 0.66 |
DBP brachial left (mm/Hg) 1 | 78.18 (8.44) | 69.26 (6.10) | 0.001 |
SBP ankle left (mm/Hg) 1 | 129.51 (8.97) | 122.91 (11.35) | 0.001 |
DBP ankle left (mm/Hg) 1 | 77.66 (8.41) | 69.16 (6.72) | 0.001 |
Ankle-brachial index left | 1.03 (0.07) | 0.98 (0.08) | 0.001 |
Rest rate metabolism | 1964.89 (163.43) | 1988.87 (157.46) | 0.26 |
Fat mass (percentage) | 14.18 (3.78) | 14.00 (3.37) | 0.70 |
Muscle mass (percentage) | 81.49 (3.58) | 81.70 (3.20) | 0.64 |
Path | Coefficient | Standard Error | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Type of sport predicting ankle-brachial index(ABI) | a1 | −0.05 | 0.01 | <0.001 |
Type of sport predicting arterial stiffness (CAVI) | a2 | −0.22 | 0.09 | 0.01 |
Ankle-brachial index predicting time spent in the treadmill stress test | b1 | −11.33 | 1.50 | <0.001 |
Arterial stiffness (CAVI) predicting time spent in the treadmill stress test | b2 | −1.14 | 0.18 | 0.008 |
Direct effect of type of sport on time spent in the treadmill stress test | c1 | 1.48 | 0.24 | <0.001 |
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Pellegrino, R.; Sparvieri, E.; Di Blasio, A.; Barassi, G.; Murgia, M.; Ripari, P.; Di Iorio, A. Ankle-Brachial Index and Arterial Stiffness, Modulate the Exertional Capacity of High-Frequency Training Athletes. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2022, 9, 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9090312
Pellegrino R, Sparvieri E, Di Blasio A, Barassi G, Murgia M, Ripari P, Di Iorio A. Ankle-Brachial Index and Arterial Stiffness, Modulate the Exertional Capacity of High-Frequency Training Athletes. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2022; 9(9):312. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9090312
Chicago/Turabian StylePellegrino, Raffaello, Eleonora Sparvieri, Andrea Di Blasio, Giovanni Barassi, Massimiliano Murgia, Patrizio Ripari, and Angelo Di Iorio. 2022. "Ankle-Brachial Index and Arterial Stiffness, Modulate the Exertional Capacity of High-Frequency Training Athletes" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 9, no. 9: 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9090312