UHPLC–MS/MS-Based Nontargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Biomarkers Related to the Freshness of Chilled Chicken
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Collection and Storage
2.3. Metabolite Extraction
2.4. Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis
2.5. Quality Control
2.6. Data Preprocessing and Annotation
2.7. Differential Metabolites Analysis
2.8. Random Forest Regression Analysis
2.9. Stepwise Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis
2.10. Pathway Enrichment of Potential Metabolic Biomarkers
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Quality Control
3.2. Metabolic Profiles Analysis of Chilled Chicken over Time
3.3. Identification of Differential Metabolites
3.4. Screening of Potential Biomarker Related to the Freshness of Chilled Chicken
3.5. Identification of Key Biomarkers Related to the Freshness of Chilled Chicken
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model | N a | MSE d | VE (%) e |
---|---|---|---|
Random forest model b | 500 | 0.86 | 81.98 |
Parsimonious model c | 500 | 0.49 | 89.86 |
Model | Variable | Β b | P c | Adjusted R2 | Durbin–Watson |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Constant a | −1.324 | 4.00 × 10−3 | 0.857 | 2.067 |
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde | 3.87 × 10−7 | 1.99 × 10−14 | |||
Model 2 | Constant a | 1.767 | 4.70 × 10−2 | 0.904 | |
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde | 2.56 × 10−7 | 7.06 × 1−7 | |||
Uridine monophosphate | −5.96 × 10−7 | 0 | |||
Model 3 | Constant a | 2.014 | 1.50 × 10−2 | 0.921 | |
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde | 2.87 × 10−7 | 4.39 × 10−8 | |||
Uridine monophosphate | −7.47 × 10−7 | 2.41 × 10−5 | |||
S-phenylmercapturic acid | −2.30 × 10−7 | 1.20 × 10−2 | |||
Model 4 | Constant a | 3.356 | 0 | 0.939 | |
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde | 2.46 × 10−7 | 3.07 × 10−7 | |||
Uridine monophosphate | −7.56 × 10−7 | 3.22 × 10−6 | |||
S-phenylmercapturic acid | −2.41 × 10−7 | 3.00 × 10−3 | |||
Gluconic acid | −7.87 × 10−8 | 5.00 × 10−3 | |||
Model 5 | Constant a | 2.796 | 0 | 0.962 | |
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde | 2.37 × 10−7 | 1.20 × 10−8 | |||
Uridine monophosphate | −5.16 × 10−7 | 0 | |||
S-phenylmercapturic acid | −3.23 × 10−7 | 2.47 × 10−5 | |||
Gluconic acid | −9.42 × 10−8 | 0 | |||
Tyramine | 1.27 × 10−8 | 0 | |||
Model 6 | Constant a | 3.964 | 1.76 × 10−5 | 0.969 | |
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde | 1.97 × 10−7 | 9.48 × 10−7 | |||
Uridine monophosphate | −4.22 × 10−7 | 1.00 × 10−3 | |||
S-phenylmercapturic acid | −3.37 × 10−7 | 4.11 × 10−6 | |||
Gluconic acid | −8.80 × 10−8 | 8.62 × 10−5 | |||
Tyramine | 1.26 × 10−8 | 0 | |||
Serylphenylalanine | −5.57 × 10−7 | 1.60 × 10−2 |
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Zhang, T.; Zhang, S.; Chen, L.; Ding, H.; Wu, P.; Zhang, G.; Xie, K.; Dai, G.; Wang, J. UHPLC–MS/MS-Based Nontargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Biomarkers Related to the Freshness of Chilled Chicken. Foods 2020, 9, 1326. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091326
Zhang T, Zhang S, Chen L, Ding H, Wu P, Zhang G, Xie K, Dai G, Wang J. UHPLC–MS/MS-Based Nontargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Biomarkers Related to the Freshness of Chilled Chicken. Foods. 2020; 9(9):1326. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091326
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Tao, Shanshan Zhang, Lan Chen, Hao Ding, Pengfei Wu, Genxi Zhang, Kaizhou Xie, Guojun Dai, and Jinyu Wang. 2020. "UHPLC–MS/MS-Based Nontargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Biomarkers Related to the Freshness of Chilled Chicken" Foods 9, no. 9: 1326. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091326