Effect of Alumina Additives on Mechanical and Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Nanoparticles
3. Production Processes of Nano Alumina
3.1. Extraction of Alumina Nanoparticles
3.2. Production of Alumina Nanoparticles
4. Sustainability of Nano Alumina
5. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC)
6. Nano Alumina (NA) Applications in SCC
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Advantages | Ref. | Disadvantages | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Speeded up construction | [29] | Prolonged demolding time | [30] |
Improved the construction quality | [31] | Increased risk and associated uncertainty | [32] |
Safer work conditions | [33] | Lowered elevated temperature resistance | [34] |
The increased service life of formworks due to the elimination of vibration | [31] | Higher formwork pressure means higher formwork costs. | [35] |
Improved quality of the final product | [33] | Not fully known fire behavior | [36] |
Reduced manpower | [33] | Maintaining ready-mixed is not easy under the construction site | [37] |
Improved ecological footprint | [38] | Not appropriate for every application | [39] |
Improved economic | [38] | Unsuitable choice for horizontal castings | [40] |
Enhanced filling spaces in dense reinforcement or inaccessible voids | [38] | Higher associated costs for ready-mixed | [41] |
Improved freeze-thaw resistance | [42] | Using conventional drum mixers are not suitable for the distribution | [43] |
Noise-free working atmosphere | [31] | Not standardized mix design | [44] |
Investigated Parameter | Temperature Range | Effect of Temperature Rise |
---|---|---|
Compressive strength | 100–800 °C. |
|
Porosity and pore size | 100–800 °C. Above 1000 °C, |
|
Elastic modulus. | 100–800 °C. |
|
Splitting tensile strength | 100–800 °C. |
|
Stress-strain relationship | 100–800 °C |
|
Residual flexural strength | 100–800 °C |
|
Water evaporation | At 105 °C At 400 °C |
|
Hydration | Up to 300 °C |
|
Microstructure | Up to 200 °C 200 °C–400 °C |
|
Advantages | Reference |
---|---|
Reduced porosity of the microstructure as the voids were filled by NS. | [129] |
Decreased in water absorption | [130] |
Improved frost resistance of concrete | [131] |
Controlled the setting time of the cement through a faster hydration process will be. | [132] |
Reduced amount of un-hydrated cement in the mix | [129] |
Increased modulus of elasticity of cement mortar. | [133] |
Reduced segregation and flocculation. | [124] |
Refined voids in the hydration gel as a nanofiller. | [124] |
Reduced coefficients of permeability by 1–3 orders of magnitude. | [133] |
Ref. | Research Topic | Test Age (day) | Sample Size | W/C (%) | Alumina | Remarks | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Size (mm) | Amount of Alumina | Investigated Parameters | ||||||
Suaiam and Makul [134,142] | Rheological and mechanical properties SCC with high volumes of alumina | 28 and 90 days | Φ150 mm × 300 mm | 0.38 | Alumina | Below ≈5 mm | 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the total fine aggregate |
|
|
Mohseni et al. [143] | Cement mortars containing rice husk ash, Polypropylene fiber (PPF), and nano-alumina (NA) | 28 and 90 days | 50 × 50 × 50 mm3 and 50 × 50 × 200 mm3 | 0.49 | NA | 20 nm | 0, 1, 2 and 3%, |
|
|
Gowda et al. [129] | Durability and microstructural properties of mortars with NA | 28 days | 70.5× 70.5× 70.5 mm3 | 0.79 | NA | - | 1, 3 and 5% |
|
|
Farzadnia et al. [135] | Elevated temperature’s effect on NA -based mortars | 1, 7, and 28 days | 50 × 50 × 50 mm3 and Φ20 mm × 50 mm | 0.35 | NA | the average size of 13 nm | 0, 1, 2 and 3% |
|
|
Behfarnia and Salemi [136] | Frost resistance of NA concrete | 7, 28 and 120 days | 70 × 70 × 70 mm3. | 0.48 | NA | 15 nm | 1% and more than 2% |
|
|
Zhan et al. [137] | Effect of NA on early hydration and mechanical properties of cement pastes | 1, 3, 7, and 28 days | cubes of size 20 mm × 20 mm × 20 mm cubes of size 6 mm × 6 mm × 13 mm | 0.456 | NA | 30 nm | 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% |
|
|
Szymanowski and Sadowski [138] | NA-based cement mortars for concrete floors | 28 days | 71 × 71 × 71 mm3, 11 × 11 × 11 mm3, and 40 × 40 × 80 mm3 | 0.3 | NA | Below 50 nm | 0.5, 1 and 1.5% |
|
|
Li et al. [139] | Preparation and mechanical properties of the NA based cement composite | 3 days, 7 days, 28 days | Φ20 × 40 mm | 0.4 | NA | Below 150 nm | 5% and 7% |
|
|
Nazari and Riahi [9] | Different curing media for NA in concrete | 7, 28 and 90 days | Cubes of 100 mm edge for compressive strength tests, cubes with 200 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm | 0.40 | NA | 15 nm | 0.5%, 1.5% and 2% |
Flexural strength
|
|
Barbhuiya et al. [140] | Early-age microstructural properties of adding NA to cement paste | 1, 3, 7, and 28 days | 50 × 50 × 50 mm3 | 0.40 | NA | 27–43 nm | 2% and 4% |
|
|
Mohseni et al. [77] | Effects of NA on mechanical, rheological, and durability properties of SCC | 3, 7, 28 and 90 days | 50 × 50 × 50 mm3 and Φ100 × 50 mm | 0.4 | NA | 15 nm | 1%, 3%, and 5% |
|
|
Heikal et al. [141] | Physico-mechanical, microstructure characteristics and fire resistance of cement pastes with NA - | 3, 7, 28, and 90 days. | - | NA | 15 ± 3 nm | 1, 2, 4 and 6 % |
|
| |
Khaliq and Khan [121] | High-temperature material properties of calcium aluminate cement concrete | 3, 14, and 28 days | Φ100 mm × 200 mm | 0.5 | calcium aluminate cement concrete | - | - |
|
|
Niewiadomski et al. [42] | Self-compacting concrete modified with NA | 28 and 90 days | 100 × 100 × 100 mm3, 40 × 40 × 160 mm3, and Φ25 mm × 20 mm | 0.42 | NA | Below 50 nm | Cement replacement 0.5 wt.%, 1.0 wt.%, 2.0 wt.% and 3.0 wt.% of the. |
|
|
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Shokravi, H.; Mohammadyan-Yasouj, S.E.; Koloor, S.S.R.; Petrů, M.; Heidarrezaei, M. Effect of Alumina Additives on Mechanical and Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete: A Review. Processes 2021, 9, 554. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9030554
Shokravi H, Mohammadyan-Yasouj SE, Koloor SSR, Petrů M, Heidarrezaei M. Effect of Alumina Additives on Mechanical and Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete: A Review. Processes. 2021; 9(3):554. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9030554
Chicago/Turabian StyleShokravi, Hoofar, Seyed Esmaeil Mohammadyan-Yasouj, Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor, Michal Petrů, and Mahshid Heidarrezaei. 2021. "Effect of Alumina Additives on Mechanical and Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete: A Review" Processes 9, no. 3: 554. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9030554