Study on Adaptive Parameter Internal Mode Control Method for Argon–Oxygen Refining Ferrochrome Alloy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Internal Mode Control with Adaptive Fuzzy Regulator
2.1. Internal Model Control
2.2. Adaptive Fuzzy Regulator
3. Metallurgical Modeling
3.1. Mechanistic Model Assumptions
- Throughout the smelting process, the chemical reactions of all elements occur simultaneously in the converter and are able to reach a dynamic equilibrium in competition. During the stop-oxygen stirring process, the oxides stop reacting and reach a new equilibrium state [30].
- It is assumed that the entire smelting process is fully carried out. The oxygen blown into the AOD converter is not directly dissolved in the ferrochrome alloy. The CO produced will be changed to CO2 and discharged [31].
- It is assumed that Fe is always involved in the oxidation reaction during the smelting process and that FeO is always involved in the reduction reaction to produce Fe. Both processes are always in dynamic equilibrium.
- It is assumed that the relationship between the rate of oxygen blown in and the rate of oxidation during the smelting process is linear. Only C, Fe, Cr and Si are considered in the smelting process. Other elements are ignored.
- The coupling between the rate of decarburization and the rate of temperature change is linear. The carbon content composition and temperature are continuously varied and uniformly distributed in the transient state.
3.2. Smelting Model Building and Transfer Function Finding
3.2.1. Model of the Relationship between Decarbonization Rate and Oxygen Supply Rate
3.2.2. Model of the Relationship between the Rate of Temperature Change and the Rate of Gas Supply
3.3. Mechanistic Model Transfer Function Finding
3.3.1. Carbon Content and Oxygen Supply Rate Transfer Function
3.3.2. Temperature and Gas Supply Rate Transfer Function
4. Controller Design
5. Simulation and Analysis
5.1. Simulation Design and Curves
5.2. Analysis of Measured Data
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Carbon Content | Oxygenation Rate |
---|---|
8–1% | 444,444 cm3/s |
1–0.25% | 55,555 cm3/s |
Component | Cr | C | S | P | Si |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content | >55% or >65% | C < 8% | <0.02% | <0.03% | 2~4% |
Component | Cr | C | S | P | Si |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content | 60~65% | C < 0.25% | <0.02% | <0.03% | 2~4% |
Serial No. | End Point Carbon Content | End Point Temperature | Time |
---|---|---|---|
1# | 0.25% | 1923 K | 74.6 min |
2# | 0.25% | 1906 K | 73.5 min |
3# | 0.25% | 1910 K | 73.9 min |
4# | 0.25% | 1889 K | 77.2 min |
5# | 0.25% | 1925 K | 72.3 min |
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Qu, N.; Han, S.; You, W.; Wang, Y. Study on Adaptive Parameter Internal Mode Control Method for Argon–Oxygen Refining Ferrochrome Alloy. Processes 2023, 11, 1461. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051461
Qu N, Han S, You W, Wang Y. Study on Adaptive Parameter Internal Mode Control Method for Argon–Oxygen Refining Ferrochrome Alloy. Processes. 2023; 11(5):1461. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051461
Chicago/Turabian StyleQu, Na, Shunjie Han, Wen You, and Yifan Wang. 2023. "Study on Adaptive Parameter Internal Mode Control Method for Argon–Oxygen Refining Ferrochrome Alloy" Processes 11, no. 5: 1461. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051461