Determination of Gas Extraction Borehole Parameters in Fractured Zone on ‘Borehole in Place of Roadway’ Based on RSM-GRA-GA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mechanism of Gas Extraction by ‘Borehole in Place of Roadway’
2.1. Formation Mechanism and Migration Law of Dominant Channels for Gas Extraction
2.2. Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Gas Migration in Goaf
2.3. Mathematical Model of Gas Seepage in Roof Fracture Field
2.3.1. Equation of Gas Extraction from Single Borehole
2.3.2. Analysis of Influencing Factors of Gas Extraction Effect by ‘Borehole in Place of Roadway’
- (1)
- Borehole horizon
- (2)
- Borehole diameter
- (3)
- Borehole spacing
3. Regression Experimental Design
3.1. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Geometric Model Establishment
- (1)
- Steady-state seepage field—the initial process of gas extraction from the borehole can be regarded as an unsteady seepage state; however, after a long-enough time of gas extraction, the seepage field around the borehole will reach a relatively stable state.
- (2)
- The fracture field formed by the fractured zone of the extracted overburden is regarded as a uniform and continuous porous medium, and the seepage process is not affected by temperature changes and is isothermal seepage.
- (3)
- The process of gas extraction from the boreholes is considered as a planar radial seepage, and the flow line is a set of straight lines from around the borehole into the center of the borehole. Since gas seepage in the overburden fracture field is a complex process, the main influencing factors of borehole extraction are simplified and analyzed according to the above assumptions.
3.2. RSM Experimental Design
3.3. Comprehensive Evaluation Value of Gas Extraction Effect
- (1)
- Data normalization
- (2)
- Building decision matrix
- (3)
- Gray relational coefficient of all factors
- (4)
- Comprehensive evaluation value of the model
3.4. Comparative Analysis
4. RSM Model Predictive Analysis
4.1. Model Establishment
4.2. Interaction Relationship of Various Influencing Factors
5. Analysis of Genetic Algorithm Prediction Model
5.1. Genetic Algorithm (GA)
- (1)
- Initialization
- (2)
- Individual evaluation
- (3)
- Selection operation
- (4)
- Crossover operation
- (5)
- Mutate operation
- (6)
- Termination condition judgment
5.2. Genetic Algorithm Model Optimization Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
- (1)
- Among the four objective weighting methods, the weighting results of PCA were 0.385, 0.285 and 0.33; the weighting results of CRITIC were 0.235, 0.325, 0.44; the weighting results of CVM were 0.353, 0.317, 0.33; the weighting results of EWM were 0.33, 0.336, 0.334.
- (2)
- The PCA takes into account the volatility of the data and the correlation between the data and, at the same time, has the effect of information concentration. This paper adopted the PCA. The results of the response surface analysis showed that the optimal solution of the model existed when the borehole horizon was 28–30 m, the borehole diameter was 190–210 mm, and the borehole spacing was 5.5–6.5 m.
- (3)
- Through the genetic algorithm, most of this objective function solved and finally determined the borehole horizon as 28.79 m, the borehole diameter as 199.89 mm, the borehole spacing as 5.76 m. This parameter under the borehole gas extraction had great results. The extraction mixed volume was 129.8 m3/min, extraction pure volume was 9.16 m3/min, the upper corner concentration was 0.52%, the prediction accuracy of the model was 97.8%.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name of the Border | Type of the Border |
---|---|
Inlet | Velocity inlet |
Out | Pressure outlet |
Wall | Wall |
Model | Define |
---|---|
Solver | Pressure Based |
Viscous Model | k-epsilon |
Energy | On |
Material | Methane–Air |
Code | H/m | D/mm | S/m |
---|---|---|---|
−1 | 24 | 150 | 4 |
0 | 30 | 200 | 6 |
1 | 36 | 250 | 8 |
Component | Initial Eigenvalue | Sum of Squares of Loads | Sum of Squares of Rotational Loads | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Percentage of Variance | Accumulation | Total | Percentage of Variance | Accumulation | Total | Percentage of Variance | Accumulation | |
1 | 2.955 | 52.372 | 57.372 | 1.571 | 52.372 | 57.372 | 1.564 | 52.126 | 57.126 |
2 | 0.039 | 35.382 | 91.755 | 1.061 | 35.382 | 91.755 | 1.069 | 35.628 | 91.755 |
3 | 0.367 | 12.245 | 100.000 |
Component | 1 |
---|---|
the mixed amount of gas extraction | 0.997 |
the pure amount of gas extraction | 0.992 |
upper corner concentration | 0.988 |
Number | Evaluation Index | Weight Distribution | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCA | CRITIC | CVM | EWM | ||
1 | the mixed amount of gas extraction | 0.385 | 0.235 | 0.353 | 0.33 |
2 | the pure amount of gas extraction | 0.285 | 0.325 | 0.317 | 0.336 |
3 | upper corner concentration | 0.33 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.334 |
Number | Parameter of Borehole | Gray Regulation Coefficient | Comprehensive Evaluation Value | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H | D | L | M | P | C | PCA | CRITIC | CVM | EWM | |
1 | 30 | 150 | 4 | 0.424 | 0.526 | 0.556 | 0.497 | 0.515 | 0.500 | 0.502 |
2 | 30 | 200 | 6 | 0.851 | 0.906 | 0.875 | 0.875 | 0.879 | 0.876 | 0.877 |
3 | 36 | 200 | 8 | 0.664 | 0.899 | 0.596 | 0.708 | 0.710 | 0.716 | 0.720 |
4 | 30 | 250 | 4 | 0.458 | 0.535 | 0.364 | 0.449 | 0.442 | 0.451 | 0.452 |
5 | 24 | 200 | 4 | 0.806 | 1 | 0.676 | 0.818 | 0.812 | 0.825 | 0.828 |
6 | 24 | 250 | 6 | 0.398 | 0.533 | 0.45 | 0.453 | 0.465 | 0.458 | 0.461 |
7 | 30 | 250 | 8 | 0.456 | 0.532 | 0.589 | 0.521 | 0.539 | 0.524 | 0.526 |
8 | 30 | 200 | 6 | 0.744 | 0.785 | 0.762 | 0.762 | 0.765 | 0.763 | 0.764 |
9 | 30 | 150 | 8 | 0.402 | 0.492 | 0.335 | 0.406 | 0.402 | 0.408 | 0.410 |
10 | 30 | 200 | 6 | 0.798 | 0.846 | 0.819 | 0.819 | 0.823 | 0.820 | 0.821 |
11 | 36 | 250 | 6 | 0.378 | 0.406 | 0.347 | 0.376 | 0.373 | 0.377 | 0.377 |
12 | 24 | 150 | 6 | 0.485 | 0.485 | 0.42 | 0.464 | 0.456 | 0.464 | 0.463 |
13 | 36 | 150 | 6 | 0.428 | 0.561 | 0.476 | 0.482 | 0.492 | 0.486 | 0.489 |
14 | 30 | 200 | 6 | 0.869 | 0.897 | 0.836 | 0.959 | 0.950 | 0.957 | 0.955 |
15 | 30 | 200 | 6 | 0.784 | 0.849 | 0.892 | 0.943 | 0.936 | 0.940 | 0.939 |
16 | 36 | 200 | 4 | 0.873 | 0.751 | 0.537 | 0.728 | 0.686 | 0.723 | 0.720 |
17 | 24 | 200 | 8 | 0.667 | 0.887 | 0.819 | 0.780 | 0.805 | 0.787 | 0.792 |
Name | Data Volatility | Correlation between Data | Information of Number | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|
PCA | Yes | Yes | No | Information enrichment |
CRITIC | Yes | Yes | No | |
CVM | Yes | No | No | |
EWM | No | No | No |
Parameter | Sum of Squares | Degree of Freedom | Mean Square | F-Value | p-Value | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 0.53 | 9 | 0.059 | 29.67 | <0.0001 | ** |
H | 0.006105 | 1 | 0.006105 | 3.08 | 0.1225 | - |
D | 0.0003125 | 1 | 0.0003125 | 0.16 | 0.7030 | - |
L | 0.0007411 | 1 | 0.0007411 | 0.37 | 0.5600 | - |
HD | 0.002256 | 1 | 0.002256 | 1.14 | 0.3212 | - |
HL | 0.000081 | 1 | 0.000081 | 0.041 | 0.8455 | - |
DL | 0.006642 | 1 | 0.006642 | 3.36 | 0.1097 | - |
H2 | 0.01 | 1 | 0.02 | 5.11 | 0.0584 | - |
D2 | 0.48 | 1 | 0.54 | 244.77 | <0.0001 | ** |
L2 | 0.008263 | 1 | 0.008263 | 1.28 | 0.2958 | - |
Residual | 0.033 | 7 | 0.004754 | |||
Lack of Fit | 0.005748 | 3 | 0.001916 | 0.95 | 0.4984 | - |
Pure Error | 0.00811 | 4 | 0.002027 | |||
Cor Total | 0.54 | 16 |
Model | Std. Dev. | Mean | R-Squared | Adj R-Squared | Pred R-Squared | PRESS | C.V. % | Adeq Precision |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y | 0.044 | 0.64 | 0.9745 | 0.9416 | 0.8071 | 0.1 | 6.98 | 13.066 |
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Qin, Z.; Shen, H.; Yuan, Y.; Gong, Z.; Chen, Z.; Xia, Y. Determination of Gas Extraction Borehole Parameters in Fractured Zone on ‘Borehole in Place of Roadway’ Based on RSM-GRA-GA. Processes 2022, 10, 1421. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071421
Qin Z, Shen H, Yuan Y, Gong Z, Chen Z, Xia Y. Determination of Gas Extraction Borehole Parameters in Fractured Zone on ‘Borehole in Place of Roadway’ Based on RSM-GRA-GA. Processes. 2022; 10(7):1421. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071421
Chicago/Turabian StyleQin, Zhenghan, Haisheng Shen, Yong Yuan, Zhixiong Gong, Zhongshun Chen, and Yongqi Xia. 2022. "Determination of Gas Extraction Borehole Parameters in Fractured Zone on ‘Borehole in Place of Roadway’ Based on RSM-GRA-GA" Processes 10, no. 7: 1421. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071421