Fatty Liver and Fatty Heart—Where do They Stand in the AMIS Syndrome?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Animals and Groups (n = 12–18/group)
2.2. Surgical Preparation
2.3. Rapid Insulin Sensitivity Test (RIST)
2.4. Tissue and Blood Samples
2.5. Chemicals
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Insulin and HISS Action
3.2. Fasting and Postprandial Metabolic Parameters
Nine-Week-Old Rats | 52-Week-Old Rats | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | Young Controls (Y) | Aged (A) | Aged Sucrose (AS) | Aged Treated (AT) | Aged Treated Sucrose (ATS) | p < 0.05 |
Body Weight g | 366 ± 112.8 (12) | 795 ± 24.1 * (12) | 853 ± 26.6 * (12) | 783 ± 21.4 * (12) | 802 ± 19.4 * (12) | * vsY |
MAP mmHg | 114 ± 3.7(12) | 121 ± 3.7 (12) | 114 ± 4.3 (12) | 114 ± 5.2 (12) | 118 ± 5.0 (12) | Ns |
Fasted Glucose mg/dl | 80.1 ± 3.0 (11) | 99.0 ± 2.6 * (12) | 102.8 ± 3.2 * (12) | 89.7 ± 1.7 (12) | 91.3 ± 2.4 *§ (11) | * vsY, § vsAS |
Fed Glucose mg/dl | 105.4 ± 5.0 (11) | 122.5 ± 4.7 (12) | 147.3 ± 11.6 * (12) | 117.2 ± 5.0 (11) | 121.6 ± 5.0 § (11) | * vsY, § vsAS |
Fasted Insulin μg/L | 0.307 ± 0.04 (11) | 1.65 ± 0.26 * (11) | 1.72 ± 0.28 * (11) | 0.90 ± 0.07 (11) | 1.17 ± 0.16 * (11) | * vsY, § vsAS |
Fed Insulin μg/L | 2.63 ± 0.42 (11) | 9.79 ± 2.34 § (11) | 17.22 ± 3.13 * (11) | 7.12 ± 0.91 (11) | 7.26 ± 0.85 § (11) | * vsY, § vsAS |
Whole Body FM g | 31.9 ± 2.1 (14) | 263.6 ± 13.7 *§ (12) | 331.6 ± 17.3 * (13) | 221.5 ± 17.0 * (14) | 249.0 ± 13.1 *§ (13) | * vsY, § vsAS |
Whole Body FM % | 8.7 ± 0.4 (14) | 33.4 ± 1.2 *€ (12) | 38.2 ± 1.0 * (13) | 28.4 ± 1.6 * (14) | 30.8 ± 1.4 *§ (13) | * vsY, § vsAS € vsAT |
Total Visceral FM g | 11.6 ± 0.8 (14) | 83.4 ± 3.9 *§ (12) | 105.8 ± 6.1 * (13) | 69.3 ± 5.6 * (14) | 80.8 ± 4.9 *§ (13) | * vsY, § vsAS |
Total Visceral FM % | 3.18 ± 0.17 (14) | 10.6 ± 0.3 *€ (12) | 12.2 ± 0.38 * (13) | 8.9 ± 0.57 * (14) | 10.0 ± 0.54 *§ (13) | * vsY, § vsAS € vsAT |
Plasma Triglycerides mmol/L | 0.57 ± 0.11 (14) | 1.76 ± 0.24 *§ (11) | 3.24 ± 0.40 * (12) | 1.81 ± 0.19 * (12) | 1.90 ± 0.25 *§ (12) | * vsY, § vsAS |
Total Chol/HDL Chol | 1.26 ± 0.03 (14) | 1.69 ± 0.12 * (12) | 1.80 ± 0.11 * (11) | 1.65 ± 0.09 * (12) | 1.62 ± 0.06 *§ (13) | * vsY, § vsAS |
AST | 212.3 ± 13.1 (14) | 316.7 ± 48.9 (12) | 309.0 ± 31.0 (14) | 293.4 ± 26.7 (11) | 295.4 ± 23.8 (14) | Ns |
ALT | 69.5 ± 4.7 (14) | 117.3 ± 13.8* (12) | 121.6 ± 14.0 * (14) | 117.5 ± 14.1 * (11) | 107.3 ± 10.7 (14) | * vsY |
3.3. Hepatic and Cardiac Triglycerides (TG), and Body Fat
3.4. AMIS, Hepatic and Plasma Triglycerides and NEFA
4. Current Status of the AMIS Syndrome Hypothesis
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflict of Interest
References
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Lautt, W.W.; Ming, Z.; Legare, D.J.; Chowdhury, K.K.; Hatch, G.M.; Wang, H.H. Fatty Liver and Fatty Heart—Where do They Stand in the AMIS Syndrome? Healthcare 2015, 3, 666-682. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3030666
Lautt WW, Ming Z, Legare DJ, Chowdhury KK, Hatch GM, Wang HH. Fatty Liver and Fatty Heart—Where do They Stand in the AMIS Syndrome? Healthcare. 2015; 3(3):666-682. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3030666
Chicago/Turabian StyleLautt, W. Wayne, Zhi Ming, Dallas J. Legare, Kawshik K. Chowdhury, Grant M. Hatch, and Hui Helen Wang. 2015. "Fatty Liver and Fatty Heart—Where do They Stand in the AMIS Syndrome?" Healthcare 3, no. 3: 666-682. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3030666