Pollen Morphology of Convolvulaceae from Southeastern Amazonian Cangas and Its Relevance for Interaction Networks and Paleoenvironmental Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Samples Collection and Slide Preparation for Morphological Descriptions
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pollen Morphology
3.2. Statistical Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Palynotaxonomy
4.2. Relevance for Interaction Networks and Paleoenvironmental Studies
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Size | Shape | Aperture | Exine Ornamentation | Spine Type | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | No. | ||||||
Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy | L | circular | colpus | - | microreticulate and microverrucate | - | [24] |
Cuscuta insquamata Yunck. | M | subprolate | colpus | 3 | microreticulate and microechinate | - | FKD |
Distimake macrocalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) A.R.Simões & Staples | L | subprolate | colpus | 3 | microreticulate and microgranulate | - | [22,24,26,42,46,47,48,49] |
Evolvulus filipes Mart. | M | circular | colpus | 12 | microreticulate and microechinate | - | FKD |
Ipomoea asplundii O’Donell | L | circular | porus | ~163 | echinate and microreticulate with granules | Conical | FKD |
I. carajasensis D.F. Austin | L | circular | porus | ~183 | echinate and microreticulate with granules | conical | [46] |
I. cavalcantei DF Austin | L | circular | porus | ~93 | echinate and microreticulate with granules | bulbous type 3 | [46] |
I. decora Meisn. | L | circular | porus | ~160 | echinate and microreticulate with granules | bulbous type 2 | FKD |
I. goyazensis Gardner | VL | circular | porus | ~199 | echinate and microreticulate with granules | bulbous type 1 | FKD |
I. hederifolia L. | VL | circular | porus | ~217 | echinate and microreticulate with granules | bulbous type 2 | [21,42,50,51,52,53,54] |
I. marabaensis D.F. Austin & Secco | L/VL | circular | porus | ~182 | echinate and microreticulate with granules | bulbous type 2 | [46] |
I. procumbens Mart. ex Choisy | L/VL | circular | porus | ~144 | echinate and microreticulate with granules | conical | [42] |
I. setifera Poir. | L/VL | circular | porus | ~163 | echinate and microreticulate with granules | conical | [24] |
Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. | F/M | circular | colpus/porus | 5(4) | microreticulate and microechinate | - | [24,25,46] |
Operculina hamiltonii (G.Don) D.F. Austin & Staple | L | prolate spheroidal | colpus | 3 | microreticulate and microgranulate | - | FKD |
Species | PD/LD * | ED/SD * | Sexine * | Nexine * | Exine * | Spine | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base | Height | No. | Di | ||||||
Aniseia martinicensis | 82.7 (5.8) 108.2 | 76.5 (6.4) 99.9 | 4.3 (0.6) 6.4 | 1.2 (0.3) 2.4 | 6.0 (0.7) 11.6 | - | - | - | - |
Cuscuta insquamata | 25.9 (6.4) 48.4 | 18.3 (4.3) 39.6 | 0.4 (0.1) 1.0 | 0.5 (0.1) 1.0 | 1.0 (0.5) 3.2 | - | - | - | - |
Distimake macrocalyx | 69.0 (4.4). 86.6 | 83 (7.8) 72.2 | 2.9 (0.4) 4.7 | 0.8 (0.2) 1.8 | 3.9 (0.5) 6.0 | - | - | - | - |
Evolvulus filipes | 28.2 (2.6) 36.0 | 25.7 (2.6) 33.9 | 0.6 (0.1) 1.0 | 0.8 (0.1) 1.1 | 1.4 (0.2) 1.9 | - | - | - | - |
Ipomoea asplundii | 81.2 (5.5) 101.8 | 79.2 (5.0) 97.9 | 1.6 (0.4) 3.8 | 2.2 (0.4) 3.9 | 4.5 (0.6) 7.4 | 6.2 | 11.7 | ~185 | 13.0 |
I. carajasensis | 83.6 (5.3) 111 | 82.2 (11.2) 101.2 | 2.8 (0.6) 6.1 | 2.8 (0.4) 4.8 | 6.4 (0.9) 9.8 | 5.1 | 8.7 | ~184 | 12.2 |
I. cavalcantei | 92.7 (6.8) 125 | 85.2 (6.9) 125 | 2.9 (0.2) 3.5 | 2.3 (0.3) 3.2 | 5.4 (0.5) 6.8 | 6 | 8.9 | ~126 | 17.2 |
I. decora | 98.6 (5.0) 116.3 | 87.4 (5.6) 112.2 | 2.7 (0.7) 5.6 | 2.6 (0.5) 4.7 | 6.4 (1.1) 10.0 | 6.2 | 8.7 | ~190 | 14.2 |
I. goyazensis | 93.6 (12.2) 155.7 | 91.7 (8.5) 120.9 | 2.8 (0.6) 4.7 | 2.3 (0.5) 4.3 | 5.6 (0.9) 8.9 | 6.1 | 10.7 | ~197 | 14.9 |
I. hederifolia | 131.2 (3.5) 144 | 126.7 (3.4) 140.7 | 4.0 (1.3) 9.2 | 4.6 (1.4) 10.9 | 11.8 (1.2) 16.6 | 6.7 | 9.0 | ~200 | 16.6 |
I. marabaensis | 98.4 (8.8) 128 | 96.5 (6.5) 122 | 2.4 (0.5) 4.2 | 2.9 (0.3) 4.1 | 5.8 (0.6) 7.9 | 6.3 | 9.9 | ~185 | 15.2 |
I. procumbens | 109.7 (4.2) 122.9 | 107.3 (2.9) 119.6 | 1.2 (0.8) 4.8 | 2.2 (0.6) 4.5 | 4.5 (1.2) 9.2 | 6.9 | 15.7 | ~175 | 15.8 |
I. setifera | 99.1 (2.2) 100.5 | 87.5 (2.6) 99.1 | 1.4 (0.6) 3.5 | 2.5 (0.5)4.2 | 3.9 (0.8) 7.5 | 5.1 | 15.2 | ~147 | 13.9 |
Jacquemontia tamnifolia | 42.9 (7.9) 69.1 | 41.6 (8.0) 65.7 | 1.8 (0.3) 3.3 | 0.6 (0.3) 1.6 | 2.5 (0.5) 4.8 | - | - | - | - |
Operculina hamiltonii | 84.8 (9.7) 122 | 66.7 (9.8) 98.3 | 2.9 (0.7) 5.3 | 0.1 (0.4) 2.6 | 3.9 (0.7) 6.9 | - | - | - | - |
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Romeiro, L.d.A.; da Silva, E.F.; Vasconcelos, L.V.; Lopes, K.d.S.; Carreira, L.M.M.; Guimarães, J.T.F. Pollen Morphology of Convolvulaceae from Southeastern Amazonian Cangas and Its Relevance for Interaction Networks and Paleoenvironmental Studies. Plants 2023, 12, 2256. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122256
Romeiro LdA, da Silva EF, Vasconcelos LV, Lopes KdS, Carreira LMM, Guimarães JTF. Pollen Morphology of Convolvulaceae from Southeastern Amazonian Cangas and Its Relevance for Interaction Networks and Paleoenvironmental Studies. Plants. 2023; 12(12):2256. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122256
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomeiro, Luiza de Araújo, Edilson Freitas da Silva, Liziane Vilela Vasconcelos, Karen da Silva Lopes, Léa Maria Medeiros Carreira, and José Tasso Felix Guimarães. 2023. "Pollen Morphology of Convolvulaceae from Southeastern Amazonian Cangas and Its Relevance for Interaction Networks and Paleoenvironmental Studies" Plants 12, no. 12: 2256. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122256