Identifying Land Use/Cover Dynamics in the Koga Catchment, Ethiopia, from Multi-Scale Data, and Implications for Environmental Change
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Study Area
2.1.1. Location, Climate and Topography
2.1.2. Geology and Soils
2.1.3. Population
2.2. Land Use Policy and Interview of Locals
2.3. Remote Sensing Data Analysis
Land Use/Cover Class | Description |
---|---|
Woody vegetation | trees and shrubs with 20% or more crown cover that are taller than 2 m. |
Crop field | land used for production of food |
Bare land | areas characterized by bare rock, gravel, sand, silt, clay or other earthen material, with little or no green vegetation present |
Pasture | areas used for cattle grazing including partially wet lands. |
Settlement | Residential areas |
Year | Data Sources | Number of Ground Truth Points | Overall Accuracy | Kappa Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
1957 | December 1957 1:50,000 scale aerial photographs, 2011 ASTER DEM | 70 | - | - |
1979 | December 1979 Landsat MSS image of 60 m spatial resolution, 1:50,000 scale aerial photographs for January 1982 | 70 | 96.17 | 0.94 |
1986 | December 1986 Landsat TM image of 30 m spatial resolution | 70 | 87.97 | 0.82 |
1999 | December and September 1999 Landsat ETM image of resolution 30 m with a panchromatic band of 15 m resolution | 70 | 96.50 | 0.94 |
2010 | August 2010 ASTER visible and near infrared image of 15 m spatial resolution | 124 | 99.48 | 0.99 |
3. Results
1957 (ha) | 1979 (ha) | 1986 (ha) | 1999 (ha) | 2010 (ha) | Change from 1957 to 2010 (ha) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Woody vegetation | 5,576 | 4,587 | 2,388 | 2,738 | 3,012 | ↓2,563 |
Pasture | 4,221 | 2,817 | 3,869 | 6,232 | 4,728 | ↑507 |
Crop field | 16,080 | 17,521 | 16,122 | 15,022 | 15,683 | ↓398 |
Bare land | 139 | 571.7 | 2,865 | 1,088 | 0 | ↓139 |
Settlement | 36 | 566 | 832 | 984 | 1,535 | ↑1,499 |
Water | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,108 | ↑1,108 |
Agricultural land (pasture + Crop field) | 20,302 | 20,338 | 19,991 | 21,253 | 20,411 | ↑109 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Appendix
Ground Truth (Percent) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class | Woody Vegetation | Pasture | Settlement | Crop Field | Bare Area | Total |
Woody vegetation | 92.7 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 22.0 |
Pasture | 1.8 | 73.7 | 0 | 32.6 | 5.8 | 37.4 |
Settlement | 0 | 0 | 93.6 | 1.3 | 14.4 | 2.7 |
Crop field | 0.2 | 19.3 | 2.1 | 61.5 | 3.3 | 25.6 |
Bare area | 0.2 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 76.5 | 12.4 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Ground Truth (Pixels) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class | Woody Vegetation | Pasture | Settlement | Crop Field | Bare Area | Total |
Woody vegetation | 99.6 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 18.8 |
Pasture | 0 | 96.6 | 0 | 5.6 | 0 | 45.6 |
Settlement | 0 | 0 | 91.2 | 0 | 32.4 | 0.2 |
Crop field | 0.4 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 94.1 | 0 | 35.3 |
Bare area | 0 | 0 | 6.6 | 0.0 | 67.6 | 0.2 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
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Yeshaneh, E.; Wagner, W.; Exner-Kittridge, M.; Legesse, D.; Blöschl, G. Identifying Land Use/Cover Dynamics in the Koga Catchment, Ethiopia, from Multi-Scale Data, and Implications for Environmental Change. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2013, 2, 302-323. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020302
Yeshaneh E, Wagner W, Exner-Kittridge M, Legesse D, Blöschl G. Identifying Land Use/Cover Dynamics in the Koga Catchment, Ethiopia, from Multi-Scale Data, and Implications for Environmental Change. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2013; 2(2):302-323. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020302
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeshaneh, Eleni, Wolfgang Wagner, Michael Exner-Kittridge, Dagnachew Legesse, and Günter Blöschl. 2013. "Identifying Land Use/Cover Dynamics in the Koga Catchment, Ethiopia, from Multi-Scale Data, and Implications for Environmental Change" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2, no. 2: 302-323. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020302