Procyanidin B2 3″-O-gallate Isolated from Reynoutria elliptica Prevents Glutamate-Induced HT22 Cell Death by Blocking the Accumulation of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Extraction and Isolation
2.3. Quantitative Analysis of Procyanidin B2 3″-O-gallate
2.4. Cell Culture and Treatment
2.5. Determination of Cell Viability
2.6. Determination of Antioxidant Activity and Intracellular ROS Levels
2.7. Determination of Apoptotic Cells
2.8. Western Blot Analysis
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Neuroprotective Effects of the MeOH Extract from R. elliptica Seeds on Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity in an HT22 Cell Line
3.2. LC/MS-Guided Isolation and Identification of the Active Compound from the MeOH Extract
3.3. Neuroprotective Efficacy of 1 Against Glutamate-Induced HT22 Cell Death
3.4. Effects of 1 on Glutamate-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Accumulation
3.5. Inhibitory Effect of 1 on Glutamate-Induced Phosphorylation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) in HT22 Cells
3.6. Anti-Apoptotic Effects of 1 in HT22 Cells
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Song, J.H.; Kim, S.; Yu, J.S.; Park, D.H.; Kim, S.-Y.; Kang, K.S.; Lee, S.; Kim, K.H. Procyanidin B2 3″-O-gallate Isolated from Reynoutria elliptica Prevents Glutamate-Induced HT22 Cell Death by Blocking the Accumulation of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090412
Song JH, Kim S, Yu JS, Park DH, Kim S-Y, Kang KS, Lee S, Kim KH. Procyanidin B2 3″-O-gallate Isolated from Reynoutria elliptica Prevents Glutamate-Induced HT22 Cell Death by Blocking the Accumulation of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(9):412. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090412
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Ji Hoon, Sil Kim, Jae Sik Yu, Do Hwi Park, Song-Yi Kim, Ki Sung Kang, Sullim Lee, and Ki Hyun Kim. 2019. "Procyanidin B2 3″-O-gallate Isolated from Reynoutria elliptica Prevents Glutamate-Induced HT22 Cell Death by Blocking the Accumulation of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species" Biomolecules 9, no. 9: 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090412