The Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (Haliotis iris)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Metabolic Responses in Haemolymph
2.2. Metabolic Responses in Muscle
2.3. Biomarkers Associated with Transport Effects
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Design
4.2. Metabolite Extractions and Derivatization
4.3. GC–MS Analysis and Quality Control
4.4. Data Processing and Data Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pathways | Total Compounds of the Pathway | Hits | p-Value | False Discovery Rate (FDR) | Pathway Impact Scores |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cysteine and methionine metabolism | 32 | 6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.50 |
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism | 30 | 6 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.61 |
Phenylalanine metabolism | 7 | 2 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.38 |
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis | 4 | 2 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 1.00 |
Tyrosine metabolism | 33 | 3 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.19 |
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism | 24 | 8 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.49 |
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) | 20 | 6 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.31 |
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism | 23 | 8 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.68 |
beta-Alanine metabolism | 14 | 3 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.28 |
Arginine and proline metabolism | 31 | 4 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.36 |
Tryptophan metabolism | 30 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
Glutathione metabolism | 26 | 6 | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.50 |
Arginine biosynthesis | 12 | 6 | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.23 |
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism | 5 | 3 | 0.26 | 0.36 | 1.00 |
Fatty acid biosynthesis | 43 | 2 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.02 |
Histidine metabolism | 9 | 1 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.40 |
Pathways | Total Compounds of the Pathway | Hits | p-Value | False Discovery Rate (FDR) | Pathway Impact Scores |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis | 4 | 2 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 1.000 |
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism | 5 | 3 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 1.000 |
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism | 23 | 8 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.682 |
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism | 30 | 5 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.608 |
Cysteine and methionine metabolism | 32 | 6 | 0.010 | 0.014 | 0.502 |
Glutathione metabolism | 26 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.496 |
Arginine and proline metabolism | 31 | 5 | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.430 |
Histidine metabolism | 9 | 1 | 0.088 | 0.105 | 0.400 |
Phenylalanine metabolism | 7 | 2 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.379 |
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism | 24 | 6 | 0.007 | 0.011 | 0.279 |
beta-Alanine metabolism | 14 | 3 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.277 |
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) | 20 | 6 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.262 |
Arginine biosynthesis | 12 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.229 |
Tryptophan metabolism | 30 | 1 | 0.010 | 0.014 | 0.214 |
Tyrosine metabolism | 33 | 3 | 0.011 | 0.015 | 0.187 |
Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis | 26 | 1 | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.104 |
Fatty acid biosynthesis | 43 | 2 | 0.186 | 0.197 | 0.017 |
Compounds | AUC | T-test p-Value | Log2 FC | Increase/Decrease |
---|---|---|---|---|
Asparagine | 1.00 | <0.01 | − 3.03 | ↓ |
Methionine | 1.00 | <0.01 | −2.63 | ↓ |
Aspartic acid | 0.95 | <0.01 | −2.01 | ↓ |
Phenylalanine | 0.99 | <0.01 | −1.24 | ↓ |
S-Adenosylmethionine | 0.90 | <0.01 | −1.12 | ↓ |
Leucine | 0.96 | <0.01 | −0.75 | ↓ |
4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) | 0.94 | <0.01 | −0.71 | ↓ |
Glyoxylic acid | 0.95 | <0.01 | 0.84 | ↑ |
Isocitric acid | 0.95 | <0.01 | 1.13 | ↑ |
Itaconic acid | 1.00 | 0.01 | 1.17 | ↑ |
Malonic acid | 0.95 | <0.01 | 1.28 | ↑ |
Cysteine | 0.96 | <0.01 | 1.53 | ↑ |
Cystathionine | 0.96 | <0.01 | 1.69 | ↑ |
cis-Aconitic acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | 1.93 | ↑ |
DL-3-Aminoisobutyric acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | 2.02 | ↑ |
2-Oxoglutaric acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | 2.07 | ↑ |
beta-Alanine | 0.97 | <0.01 | 2.23 | ↑ |
Maleic acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | 2.30 | ↑ |
Fumaric acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | 2.61 | ↑ |
Glutaric acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | 2.78 | ↑ |
Malic acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | 3.42 | ↑ |
2-Hydroxybutyric acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | 3.48 | ↑ |
Tyrosine | 0.98 | <0.01 | 3.52 | ↑ |
Lactic acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | 3.84 | ↑ |
Succinic acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | 5.53 | ↑ |
Compounds | AUC | T-test p-Value | Log2 FC | Increase/Decrease |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aspartic acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | −1.69 | ↓ |
Creatinine | 1.00 | <0.01 | 0.62 | ↑ |
Glutamic acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | 0.60 | ↑ |
Glutathione | 1.00 | <0.01 | 0.57 | ↑ |
Strombine | 1.00 | <0.01 | 2.59 | ↑ |
Succinic acid | 1.00 | <0.01 | 2.04 | ↑ |
2-Phosphoenolpyruvic acid | 0.99 | 0.01 | 4.15 | ↑ |
Alanine | 0.99 | <0.01 | 0.98 | ↑ |
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid | 0.98 | <0.01 | 0.96 | ↑ |
Citric acid | 0.96 | <0.01 | 0.44 | ↑ |
Nicotinic acid | 0.94 | <0.01 | 1.78 | ↑ |
Phenylalanine | 0.93 | <0.01 | 0.23 | ↑ |
Valine | 0.93 | <0.01 | 0.37 | ↑ |
Isoleucine | 0.93 | <0.01 | 0.33 | ↑ |
Leucine | 0.93 | <0.01 | 0.33 | ↑ |
Pyroglutamic acid | 0.93 | <0.01 | 0.47 | ↑ |
4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) | 0.92 | <0.01 | 0.31 | ↑ |
Lactic acid | 0.91 | <0.01 | 2.59 | ↑ |
Tyrosine | 0.91 | <0.01 | 0.37 | ↑ |
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Alfaro, A.C.; Nguyen, T.V.; Venter, L.; Ericson, J.A.; Sharma, S.; Ragg, N.L.C.; Mundy, C. The Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (Haliotis iris). Metabolites 2021, 11, 748. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110748
Alfaro AC, Nguyen TV, Venter L, Ericson JA, Sharma S, Ragg NLC, Mundy C. The Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (Haliotis iris). Metabolites. 2021; 11(11):748. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110748
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfaro, Andrea C., Thao V. Nguyen, Leonie Venter, Jessica A. Ericson, Shaneel Sharma, Norman L. C. Ragg, and Craig Mundy. 2021. "The Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (Haliotis iris)" Metabolites 11, no. 11: 748. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110748