Maternal Obesity Does Not Exacerbate the Effects of LPS Injection on Pregnancy Outcomes in Mice
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mice
2.2. Diet Manipulation
2.3. Lipopolysaccharide Injection
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LFD (N = 6) | HFD (N = 10) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Calories (kcal/mouse/day) | 10.2 ± 0.4 | 11.6 ± 0.3 | 0.01 |
Protein (g/mouse/day) | 0.51 ± 0.02 | 0.59 ± 0.02 | 0.005 |
Fat (g/mouse/day) | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.59 ± 0.01 | 0.0001 |
Carbohydrate (g/mouse/day) | 1.77 ± 0.04 | 1.01 ± 0.03 | 0.0001 |
Injection | Diet | Pregnant at GD14 | Appeared Pregnant at GD7 But No Evidence of Pregnancy on GD14 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPS | HFD | 9 | 14 | 13 | 22 |
LFD | 5 | 9 | |||
Saline | HFD | 11 | 17 | 10 | 12 |
LFD | 6 | 2 |
LFD (N = 11) | HFD (N = 20) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age at which females became pregnant (days) 1 | 184 ± 1 | 167 ± 1 | 0.13 |
Number of times paired with male to achieve pregnancy 2 | 5.5 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 0.05 |
Weight at first mating (g) | 22.3 ± 0.7 | 26.3 ± 0.5 | 0.0001 |
Weight at mating that resulted in pregnancy (g) | 22.5 ± 0.5 | 24.7 ± 0.4 | 0.001 |
Weight change 3 (g) | −0.2 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.02 |
LFD | HFD | p-Value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPS (N = 5) | Saline (N = 6) | LPS (N = 9) | Saline (N = 11) | Diet | Treatment | Diet * Treatment 1 | Female Age | |
Fetal weight (mg) | 252 ± 26 | 201 ± 22 | 203 ± 18 | 259 ± 16 | 0.83 | 0.90 | 0.017 | 0.016 2 |
Placental weight (mg) | 144 ± 8 | 143 ± 7 | 149 ± 6 | 147 ± 5 | 0.50 | 0.86 | 0.95 | 0.40 |
Viable-appearing fetuses | 6.1 ± 0.9 | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 0.77 3 | 0.67 3 | 0.76 | 0.011 2 |
Resorptions | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 0.39 3 | 0.51 3 | 0.46 | 0.008 2 |
LFD | DIO-R | DIO-S | p-Value | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPS (N = 5) | Saline (N = 6) | LPS (N = 4) | Saline (N = 7) | LPS (N = 5) | Saline (N = 4) | Diet | Treatment | Diet * Treatment 1 | Female Age | |
Fetal weight (mg) | 253 ± 26 | 201 ± 23 | 190 ± 29 | 259 ± 21 | 212 ± 25 | 257 ± 28 | 0.93 | 0.32 | 0.06 | 0.018 2 |
Placental weight (mg) | 145 ± 8 | 143 ± 7 | 139 ± 9 | 150 ± 6 | 157 ± 7 | 142 ± 8 | 0.73 | 0.82 | 0.27 | 0.28 |
Viable-appearing fetuses | 6.1 ± 0.9 | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 5.6 ± 0.9 | 6.3 ± 1.0 | 0.97 3 | 0.60 | 0.95 | 0.018 2 |
Resorptions | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.41 3 | 0.29 | 0.67 | 0.007 2 |
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Virginkar, N.; Christians, J.K. Maternal Obesity Does Not Exacerbate the Effects of LPS Injection on Pregnancy Outcomes in Mice. Biology 2020, 9, 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090293
Virginkar N, Christians JK. Maternal Obesity Does Not Exacerbate the Effects of LPS Injection on Pregnancy Outcomes in Mice. Biology. 2020; 9(9):293. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090293
Chicago/Turabian StyleVirginkar, Natasha, and Julian K. Christians. 2020. "Maternal Obesity Does Not Exacerbate the Effects of LPS Injection on Pregnancy Outcomes in Mice" Biology 9, no. 9: 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090293