Factors Associated with Increased Morbidity and Mortality of Obese and Overweight COVID-19 Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Protocol
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Quality Evaluation
3. Obesogenic Mechanism
4. Genetic Factors Involved in Obesity
4.1. Adipogenesis
4.2. Hypoxia
5. COVID-19
6. Obesity and COVID-19
6.1. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Infection with COVID-19
6.2. Obesity Mechanisms in COVID-19 Infections
7. Quarantine and COVID-19
8. Key Gaps in Knowledge to Direct Future Research
9. Obesity and Stress
10. Gut Microbiome and Obesity
11. Obesity and Thrombosis in COVID-19 Infections
12. Obesity and Immunity
12.1. Obesity and Antiviral Immunity
12.2. Obesity and Atherosclerosis
12.3. Obesity and Psoriasis
13. Obesity and Vaccines
14. Obesity and Pathogens
14.1. Obesity and Respiratory Tract Infections
14.2. Obesity and Viral Infection
14.3. Obesity and Adenovirus
14.4. Obesity and Influenza Virus
14.4.1. Influenza Virus in Obese Mice
14.4.2. Influenza Virus in Human Cells
14.5. Obesity and Spreading of Pathogens
15. Obesity Control
16. Obesity and Exercise
17. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Magdy Beshbishy, A.; Hetta, H.F.; Hussein, D.E.; Saati, A.A.; C. Uba, C.; Rivero-Perez, N.; Zaragoza-Bastida, A.; Shah, M.A.; Behl, T.; Batiha, G.E.-S. Factors Associated with Increased Morbidity and Mortality of Obese and Overweight COVID-19 Patients. Biology 2020, 9, 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090280
Magdy Beshbishy A, Hetta HF, Hussein DE, Saati AA, C. Uba C, Rivero-Perez N, Zaragoza-Bastida A, Shah MA, Behl T, Batiha GE-S. Factors Associated with Increased Morbidity and Mortality of Obese and Overweight COVID-19 Patients. Biology. 2020; 9(9):280. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090280
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagdy Beshbishy, Amany, Helal F. Hetta, Diaa E. Hussein, Abdullah A. Saati, Christian C. Uba, Nallely Rivero-Perez, Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida, Muhammad Ajmal Shah, Tapan Behl, and Gaber El-Saber Batiha. 2020. "Factors Associated with Increased Morbidity and Mortality of Obese and Overweight COVID-19 Patients" Biology 9, no. 9: 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090280