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• Koh, E
• Martin, A
• McMinn, A
• Ryan, K
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• Koh, E
• Martin, A
• McMinn, A
• Ryan, K
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• Koh, E
• Martin, A
• McMinn, A
• Ryan, K

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Biology 2012, 1(3), 542-556; doi:10.3390/biology1030542

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Recent Advances and Future Perspectives in Microbial Phototrophy in Antarctic Sea Ice

Eileen Y. Koh ^1,† , Andrew R. Martin ² , Andrew McMinn ²  and Ken G. Ryan ^1,*

¹ School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand ² Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia ^† Current address: Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin-School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117579, Singapore.

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 17 September 2012; in revised form: 10 October 2012 / Accepted: 11 October 2012 / Published: 22 October 2012

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polar Microbiology: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives)

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Abstract: Bacteria that utilize sunlight to supplement metabolic activity are now being described in a range of ecosystems. While it is likely that phototrophy provides an important competitive advantage, the contribution that these microorganisms make to the bioenergetics of polar marine ecosystems is unknown. In this minireview, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of phototrophic bacteria and highlight the need for future research.

Keywords: phototrophic bacteria; cyanobacteria; aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria; proteorhodopsin; Antarctic sea ice

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