Anti-Virulence Activity of the Cell-Free Supernatant of the Antarctic Bacterium Psychrobacter sp. TAE2020 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Phenotypic Characterization of Clinical and PA14 Strains
2.2. Effect of SN_TAE2020 on Biofilm Formation
2.3. Effect of SN_TAE2020 on Pyocyanin Production and Protease Activity
2.4. Effect of SN_TAE2020 on Motility
2.5. Morphological Evaluation by SEM Analysis
2.5.1. Evaluation of SN_TAE2020’s Influence on P. aeruginosa PA14
2.5.2. Evaluation of SN_TAE2020 on P. aeruginosa 23P
2.6. Anti-Virulence Features of Organic Extract from the Supernatant of TAE2020
2.7. GC-MS Analysis of the Organic Extract from SN_TAE2020
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strains and Growth Conditions
4.2. Pre-Adhesion Period
4.3. Mature Biofilm
4.4. Pyocyanin Assay
4.5. Protease Assay
4.6. Motility Assays
4.6.1. Swarming Assay
4.6.2. Swimming Assay
4.7. SEM Analysis
4.8. SN_TAE2020 Supernatant Preparation and Organic Extraction Protocol
4.9. GC-MS of SN_TAE2020
4.10. NMR Analysis of SN_TAE2020
4.11. Mass Spectrometry Analysis of SN_TAE2020
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bacterial Strain | Pyocyanin (OD 520 nm) | Protease Activity (OD 400 nm) | Biofilm 24 h a (OD 590 nm) | Biofilm 48 h b (OD 590 nm) | Swarming Motility c | Swimming Motility c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PA14 | 0.178 ± 0.042 | 2.037 ± 0.020 | 3.561 ± 0.357 | 13.470 ± 1.403 | +++ | +++ |
23P | 0.148 ± 0.024 | 1.988 ± 0.057 | 3.175 ± 0.851 | 0.738 ± 0.373 | +++ | +++ |
27P | 0.102 ± 0.005 | 2.175 ± 0.036 | 1.429 ± 0.643 | 3.049 ± 0.796 | +++ | +++ |
31P | 0.063 ± 0.031 | 1.915 ± 0.001 | 1.741 ± 0.154 | 5.133 ± 0.946 | +++ | +++ |
32P | 0.121 ± 0.037 | 2.439 ± 0.078 | 1.117 ± 0.163 | 5.597 ± 1.390 | +++ | +++ |
40P | 0.160 ± 0.041 | 2.064 ± 0.058 | 0.970 ± 0.201 | 2.172 ± 0.194 | +++ | +++ |
ID pt | ID | SAMPLE | Date | Phenotype | 1st Infection | Early Infection | Late Infection |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22 | 23P | ESP | 6/24/2005 | sm | X | ||
24 | 27P | AT | 1/31/2017 | sm | X | ||
9 | 31P | ESP | 1/11/2017 | M | X | ||
26 | 32P | AT | 12/5/2006 | sm | X | ||
30 | 40P | AT | 7/1/2013 | i | X |
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Papa, R.; Vrenna, G.; D’Angelo, C.; Casillo, A.; Relucenti, M.; Donfrancesco, O.; Corsaro, M.M.; Fiscarelli, E.V.; Tuccio Guarna Assanti, V.; Tutino, M.L.; et al. Anti-Virulence Activity of the Cell-Free Supernatant of the Antarctic Bacterium Psychrobacter sp. TAE2020 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 944. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10080944
Papa R, Vrenna G, D’Angelo C, Casillo A, Relucenti M, Donfrancesco O, Corsaro MM, Fiscarelli EV, Tuccio Guarna Assanti V, Tutino ML, et al. Anti-Virulence Activity of the Cell-Free Supernatant of the Antarctic Bacterium Psychrobacter sp. TAE2020 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(8):944. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10080944
Chicago/Turabian StylePapa, Rosanna, Gianluca Vrenna, Caterina D’Angelo, Angela Casillo, Michela Relucenti, Orlando Donfrancesco, Maria Michela Corsaro, Ersilia Vita Fiscarelli, Vanessa Tuccio Guarna Assanti, Maria Luisa Tutino, and et al. 2021. "Anti-Virulence Activity of the Cell-Free Supernatant of the Antarctic Bacterium Psychrobacter sp. TAE2020 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients" Antibiotics 10, no. 8: 944. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10080944