Nanotreatment and Nanodiagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Recent Updates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Nanomaterials: Applications in Treatment of Prostate Cancer
2.1. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
2.2. Selenium, Magnetic and Gold Nanoparticles
2.3. Quantum Dots
2.4. Carbon Nanotube
2.5. Polymeric Nanoparticles with Block Copolymers
2.6. Liposomes
2.7. Nanoemulsion
2.8. Niosomes
3. Nanomaterials towards Diagnosis and Biosensing of Prostate Cancer
3.1. Nanomaterials for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Biosensing
3.2. Magnetic Nanoparticles
3.3. Gold Nanoparticles
3.4. Quantum Dots
3.5. Carbon Nanotubes
3.6. Graphene
4. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nanomethodology | Biomarker | Detection Medium | Feature | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Magnetic nanoparticle | PSA | Human plasma | Appropriate linear range between 0.001 and 1 μg/L (via SWV method) with a 0.001 μg/L LLOQ. | [139] |
Gold nanoparticles | PSA | Serums of healthy and prostate patients | Linear range 0~0.8 ng/mL for PSA measurement with a detection maximum of 0.02 ng/mL. | [140] |
Silicon nanowires | miRNA 183 and 484 | Plasma | Target nucleic acid molecules can be detected with a high sensitivity of 3.3 × 10−16 M. | [141] |
Quantum dots | f-PSA and cPSA | Two human serum | At the same time, detect f-PSA and c-PSA with detection limits of 0.009 ng/mL, in a quick assay time of 60 min. | [142] |
Carbon nanotubes | miR-21 | Human serum | Strong linear relation with miR-21 target concentration (0.01 fmol/L to 1 μmol/L) and low experimental detection limit of 0.01 fmol/L. | [143] |
Graphene | PSA | Blood | The detection limit for total and free PSA antigen was about 0.2 and 0.07 ng/mL, respectively. | [144] |
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles | PSA | Blood serum | Technique can substantially distinguish between low-risk and high-risk PCa with 92.3% accuracy, 89.5% sensitivity and 95% specificity. | [145] |
Micro-cantilever or Piezoelectric material | PSA | HP and HSA | Offer a strong platform for DNA-protein, protein-protein binding, and DNA hybridization interactions with high-throughput label-free analyzes. | [146] |
Lab-on-a-chip systems | PSA, PSMA and PF-4 | Serum | Detection limits for the 3 proteins in undiluted calf serum was 300–500 fg/mL. | [147] |
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Barani, M.; Sabir, F.; Rahdar, A.; Arshad, R.; Kyzas, G.Z. Nanotreatment and Nanodiagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Recent Updates. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091696
Barani M, Sabir F, Rahdar A, Arshad R, Kyzas GZ. Nanotreatment and Nanodiagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Recent Updates. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(9):1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091696
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarani, Mahmood, Fakhara Sabir, Abbas Rahdar, Rabia Arshad, and George Z. Kyzas. 2020. "Nanotreatment and Nanodiagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Recent Updates" Nanomaterials 10, no. 9: 1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091696