Functionalization of Cotton Fabrics with Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles for Transdermal Release of Melatonin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Nanoparticles Preparation
2.3. Nanoparticle Characterization
2.3.1. Dynamic Light Scattering
2.3.2. Determination of Loading Capacity (LC) and Encapsulation Efficiency (EE)
2.3.3. Differential Scanning Calorimetry
2.4. Fabric Functionalization
2.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.6. In Vitro Release Test
2.7. Release Kinetics Modeling
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Nanoparticles Size
3.1.1. Effect of Flow Rate
3.1.2. Effect of Melatonin and Polymer Initial Concentration
3.2. Zeta Potential
3.3. Loading Capacity and Encapsulation Efficiency
3.4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry
3.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.6. In Vitro Release Test
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Name | Melatonin Concentration (mg/mL) | Polycaprolactone (PCL) Concentration (mg/mL) | Mass Ratio (MR) |
---|---|---|---|
P6M4.56 | 4.56 | 6 | 0.76 |
P6M12 | 12 | 6 | 2 |
P6M18 | 18 | 6 | 3 |
P6M24 | 24 | 6 | 4 |
P6M36 | 36 | 6 | 6 |
P10M4.56 | 4.56 | 10 | 0.456 |
P10M12 | 12 | 10 | 1.2 |
P10M18 | 18 | 10 | 1.8 |
P10M24 | 24 | 10 | 2.4 |
P10M36 | 36 | 10 | 3.6 |
P25M4.56 | 4.56 | 25 | 0.1824 |
P25M12 | 12 | 25 | 0.48 |
P25M18 | 18 | 25 | 0.72 |
P25M24 | 24 | 25 | 0.96 |
P25M36 | 36 | 25 | 1.44 |
Mathematical Model | Equation |
---|---|
Zeroth order | F = kt |
First order | Ln (1 − F) = −kt |
Higuchi | F = kt1/2 |
Baker–Lonsdale | 3/2[1 − (1 − F)2/3] − F = kt |
Hixon–Crowell | 1 − (1 − F)1/3 = kt |
Square root of mass | 1 − (1 − F)1/2 = kt |
Three seconds root of mass | 1 − (1 − F)2/3 = kt |
Formulation | MR | Mean Diameter (nm) | LC% | EE% |
---|---|---|---|---|
P25M4.56 | 0.18 | 852.8 | 13.0 | 81.6 |
P6M4.56 | 0.76 | 259.9 | 39.6 | 86.2 |
P25M36 | 1.44 | 2316.3 | 56.4 | 89.9 |
P6M36 | 6 | 378.1 | 84.4 | 90.4 |
Sample | Zeroth Order | First Order | Higuchi | Hixon–Crowell | Baker–Lonsdale | Square Root of Mass | Three Second Root of Mass |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P6M4.56 | 0.33 | 0.94 | 0.88 | 0.79 | 0.97 | 0.69 | 0.56 |
P6M36 | 0.63 | 0.90 | 0.97 | 0.82 | 0.99 | 0.77 | 0.71 |
P25M4.56 | −0.46 | 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.45 | 0.94 | 0.28 | 0.07 |
P25M36 | 0.84 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.91 | 0.88 |
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Massella, D.; Leone, F.; Peila, R.; Barresi, A.A.; Ferri, A. Functionalization of Cotton Fabrics with Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles for Transdermal Release of Melatonin. J. Funct. Biomater. 2018, 9, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb9010001
Massella D, Leone F, Peila R, Barresi AA, Ferri A. Functionalization of Cotton Fabrics with Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles for Transdermal Release of Melatonin. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2018; 9(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb9010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassella, Daniele, Federica Leone, Roberta Peila, Antonello A. Barresi, and Ada Ferri. 2018. "Functionalization of Cotton Fabrics with Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles for Transdermal Release of Melatonin" Journal of Functional Biomaterials 9, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb9010001